Research
PhotoMedicine,
often termed photo (light) therapy, is a paradigm shift in modern
medicine for in addition to drugs and surgery doctors around the
world are now using photo therapy to help the body's cells to heal
themselves.
I
have created a detailed GLOSSARY of the specialist terms which are
used in the area of Phototherapy and you can access this
GLOSSARY
BY FOLLOWING THIS LINK to the dedicated
page here on the website.
In
addition to research papers you can also browse through the Recommended
Books listing as well as Key Journals.
Please
select from the listing title below to read individual research
listings.
Colour
Therapy - as well as the resources here on my website you can also
learn even more by following this link to Theresa Sundts books about
BIOPTRON Colour Therapy as well as a whole host of other relevant
training programmes and resources:
www.color-discovery.com
BIOPTRON
LIGHT THERAPY REFERENCES
LOW
POWER LASER THERAPY L.L.T.
Pain
Relief
Seasonal
Affective Disorder (SAD)
Bioptron
Light Therapy Systems References
(Please
click the pdf icon for the link to the relevant research paper)
Dermatology
Melanoma
with second myxoid stromal changes after personally applied prolonged
phototherapy.
M Ulamec et.al.2008. Am J Deramtopathol. Vol 30.
Melanoma
with second myxoid stromal changes after personally applied prolonged
phototherapy.
M Ulamec et.al. 2009
- Image File
Phototherapy
in the treatment of acne vulgaris - What is it Its Role?
A. Charakida et. al. 2004 Am J Clin Dermatol.
The
action of visible polarized light on skin diseases.
E.Aronis et. al. 18th International Congress of Dermatology, new
York, 1992.
Pain
treatment
Anti-inflammatory
effect of last therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.
C. Fulga.Rev. Rotum. Med. Int. 1998
Efficacy
of polarized light, polychromatic, non-coherent light in the treatment
of chronic musuloskeletal neck and shoulder neck and shoulder pain.
M. F Ballyzek. et.al. St. Petersburg Clinical Hospital, Russian
Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Comparison
Between Low Level Laser Therapy and visible Incoherent Polarized
Light in the Treatment of Later Epicondylitis - tennis Elbow: A
Pilot Clinical Study on 20 Patients.
Z. Simunovic. et.al. ASLMS Annual Meeting, New Orleans,
USA 2001
The
Use of Polychromatic Light BIOPTRON in Physiotherapy
The
Role of Physical Therapy and Physical Modalities in Management
Lateral
epicondylitis tennis elbow
The
use of Polarized Polychromatic Non-coherent Light as Therapy for
Acute Tennis Elbow/Lateral Epicondylagia: A Pilot Study
D.Stasinopolulos. 2005. PhotoMedicine and laser Surgery.
Treatment
of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome with Polarized Polychromatic Noncoherent
Light (Bioptron Light): A Preliminary, Prospective, Open Clinical
Trial.
D.Stasinopolulos.2005. PhotoMedicine and laser Surgery.
The
role of physical therapy and physical modalities in pain management.
Marian A. Minor et.al. Pain management In The Rheumatic Diseases.
1999.
The
use of polychromatic polarized light BIOPTRON in Physiotherapy.
Dr. M. Antonic. Academy of Military Medicine. Clinic for Physical
Medicine and Rehabilitation.
Pediatrics
Postoperative
rehabilitation in patients with peripheral nerve lesions.
I.
Petronic et.al.
Summary:
Injuries of extremities can be followed by various neuromuscular
complications. Injury of peripheral nerves directly depend on the
topographic locatization of injury (fractures, cuts, contusions).
The neuromuscular complications were diagnosed and under follow-up,
based on clinical, x-ray, neurologic and neurophysiological findings.
After surgeries, we continue to apply physical treatment and rehabilitation.
The aim of the paper was to assess the significance of proper timing
for surgery and adequate postoperative rehabilitation, as well as
treatment results, depending on the extent of peripheral nerve injury.
Material and methods: Based on the study conducted in the period
from 2000-2002, most surgeries were done on the ulnar nerve (4 pts),
median nerve (4 pts), radial nerve (3 pts), peroneal nerve (2 pts)
and plexus brachialis (3 pts). Paresis and peripheral nerve paralysis,
associated with sensibility disorders, predominated in clinical
features.
In
most patients surgery was done during the first 3 - 6 months after
injury. In earl postoperative rehabilitation in patients with peripheral
treatment positioning of the extremities with electrotherapy were
most often used in early post operative treatment along with Bioptron
and doses kinesitherapy. Depending on the neurophysiological findings,
in later treatment stages we included electrostimulation, thermotherapy,
kinesitherapy and working therapy, with the necessary application
of static and dynamic orthoses.
Study
results showed that the success of treatment depended on the extent
of injury i.e. whether suture of liberalization of the nerve had
been done, on the adequate timing of surgery, as well as on the
adequate timing and application of physical therapy and rehabilitation.
More rapid and functional recovery was achieved if the interval
between injury and surgery was shorter, as well as physical therapy
was applied early. Based on the analysis of the achieved results,
we concluded that peripheral nerve lesions after fractures and contusions
had better prognosis in relation to isolated sections of peripheral
nerves, having in mind that these were mostly conductive block transfer
and nerve stretching lesion, which do no leave sequences.
Pub
Med Pediatrics
BIOPTRON
SAD
Bright
Light therapy of Subsyndromal SAD in the Workplace. Morning v.s.
Afternoon Exposure.
D.H.Avery et. al. 2001. Acta Psychiatr Scand.
Morning
v.s. Evening Light Treatment of Patients with Winter Depression.
A. Lewy et.al. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998.
Bright
Light Improves Vitality and Alleviates Distress in Healthy People.
T
Partonen et.al. Journal of Affective Disorder. 2000
A
Controlled trial of Timed Bright Light and Negative Air Ionization
for Treatment of Winter Depression.
M.Terman et. al., Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998
Bright
Light Treatment of Winter Depression - A Placebo-Controlled Trial.
C.Eastman et al. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998.
WOUND
HEALING
The
effects of polarized light therapy in pressure ulcer healing.
A. Durovic et.al. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2008
A
conservative approach for deep dermal burn wounds using polarised-light
therapy.
S. Monstrey Et. Al. British Journal of Plastic Surgery 2002
The
Use of Polarized Light in Aesthetic Surgery. M. Colic et.al.
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 2004
The
Use of Polarized Light in Aesthetic Surgery
The
Effect of Polarized Light on Wound Healing. S.
Monstrey et.al. European Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2000
The
Effect of Polarized Light on Wound healing.
S. Monstrey et. al European Journal of Plastic Surgery 2002
Effect
of polarized light in the healing process of Pressure Ulcers.
P Iordanou International Journal of Nursing Practice 2002
Macrophage
Responsiveness to Light Therapy. S. Young Laser Surgery and
Medicine 1989
A
conservative Approach for Deep Dermal Burn Wounds Using Polarised-light
therapy.
S. Monstrey et.al. British Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2002
Effects
of PILER light therapy on Wound Healing in Patients After Operation
of Stomach Carcinoma.
A. Simic et al. 2001 3rd international Gastric Cancer Congress.
Soul. 1999.
Light
Therapy and Thoracophenolaparotomy Wound Healing in Patients Operated
Due to Cardia Carcinoma.
A. Simic et al., 4th International Gastric Cancer Congress New York.
USA 2001
The
Effect of Polarized Light on the Release of Growth factors from
the U-937 Macrophage - Like Cell Line
P. Bolton et.al. LLLT 1992
Effect
on Wound Healing After Operation.
A. Simic et al.
Promotion
of Wound Healing by Irradiation with Polarized Light. A.D.
Stacker. Die Medizinische Welt 1986
Treatment
of Leg Ulcers with Polarized Light.
W.
Stegmann. Phlebologie und Prktologie 1985
Acne
Care
An
action spectrum for blue and near ultraviolet inactivation of Propionibacterium
acnes; with emphasis on a possible porphyrin photosensitisation.
Kjeldstad B, Jhonsson
Photochemistry-Photobiology 1986: 43(1); 67-70
Singlet
oxygen (1 delta g) generation from coproporphyrin in Propionibacterium
acnes on irradiation.
Arakane K, Ryu A, Hayashi C, Masunaga T, Schinmoto K, Mashiko S,
Nagano T, Hirobe M.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 223 (3): 578-82.
Effect
of Visible Light on Reactive Oxygen Species Production
R. Lubart,1 H. Friedmann,1 R. Lavie,1 N. Grossman,2 M. Sinyakov
and S.
Belotsky
Department of Chemistry and Physics, Department of Life Sciences
Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
Visible
light promotes proliferation of normal skin cells
Grossman, N., Reuveni, H., Halevy, S., Lubart, R:, J. Invest.
Dermatol., 102649A (1994)
Improvement
of rheologic parameters, ligand- and oxygen-binding capacity of
erythrocytes of circulating blood after exposure of the body surface
to visible polarized light.
K.A.Samoilova, K.D.Obolenskaya,
A.V.Vologdina, N.V.Mineeva, N.Yu.Romanenko, M.F.Balljuzek: Published:
8th Congress of European Society for Photobiology. Book of Abstracts,
P106, p.145, Granada (1999)
Pain
Relief
The
use of monochromatic Infrared Energy Therapy in Podiatry.
Podiatry
Carnegie D.
Published: Management. Nov/Dec. 2002. 129-34
Changes
of cytokine content in human blood after in vivo and invi-tro exposure
to visible polarized light at therapuetic dose.
K.A.Samoilova, D.I.Sokolov, K.D.Obolenskaya.
In: Abstracts. 13th International Congress on Photobiology and 28th
Annual
Meeting American Society for Photobiology. San Francisco, 2000,
N 327,
p.108.
Seasonal
Affective Disorder (SAD)
Light
suppresses melatonin secretion in humans
Lewy,A J,Wehr TA,Goodwin FK,Newsome DA,Markey SP.
Published:Science.1980;210:1267-1269.
A description
of the syndrome and preliminary findings with light therapy
Resenthal NE,Sack DA.Gillin JC,et al.Seasonal affective disorder.
Published: Arch Gen Psych.1984;41:72-80
Canadian
consensus for the treatment of seasonal affective disorder
Lam RW, Levit A (eds)..
Canadian J of Diagnosis 1998; Supplement; 2 15:
Lichttherapie 3. edition
Zulley J, Wirz-Justice, A (eds). Regensburg:
S.Rodner Verlag, 1999
Beginning
to see the light.
Wirz-Justice A,
Commentary. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998; 55:861-862; auch alle
Originalartikel pp 875 896
Seasonal
Affective Disorder and Beyond: Light treatment for SAD and non SAD
conditions
Lam RW (ed). Washington DC American Psychiatric Press 1998
Low
Power Laser Therapy
Laser
Therapy Research References
Laser
therapy research is undertaken worldwide and from within a wide
range of disciplines. In this section you will find references to
studies organised by generic application. (For references organised
by discipline see the Clinical Applications section.) You can select
from:
Laser
Mechanisms
Meta-Analyses/Reviews
Ten
Lectures on Basic Science of Laser Phototherapy.
Karu, T. (2007) Prima Books.
Mechanisms
of Low Level Light Therapy.
Hamblin, M. R. & Demidova, T. N. (2006).
Proc of SPIE Vol. 6140 (1).
Photobiological basis
and clinical role of low intensity lasers in biology and medicine.
Reddy, G. (2004). J Clin Laser Med Surg 22(2):141-60
It is Time to Test Low
Level Laser Therapy in Great Britain.
Moshkovska T, Mayberry J (2005). Postgrad Medical Journal, 81:436-441.
Experimental
Studies
Absorption
measurements of a cell monolayer relevant to phototherapy: reduction
of cytochrome c oxidase under near IR radiation.
Karu, T.I., Pyatibrat, L.V., Kolyakov, S.F.and Afanasyeva, N.I.
(2005b) Photochem. Photbiol. Biol. 81:98-106.
A
novel mitochondrial signalling pathway activated by visible-to-near-infrared
radiation.
Karu, T.I., Pyatibrat, L.V. and Afanasyeva, N.I. (2004). Photochem.
Photobiol. 80, 366-372.
Photobiological
modulation of cell attachmnent via cytochrome c oxidase.
Karu, T.I., Pyatibrat, L.V. and Kalendo, G.S. (2004) Photochem.
Photobiol. Sci.3:211-216.
Primary
and secondary mechanisms of action of visible to near-IR radiation
on cells.
Karu, T. (1999) J. Photochem. Photobiol. B:Biol. 49:1-17.
Musculoskeletal
Healing
Meta-Analyses/Reviews
The
efficacy of low power lasers in tissue repair and pain control:
a meta-analysis study. Enwemeka,
C., Parker, J., Dowdy, S. et al (2004).. Photomedicine & Laser
Surgery
22(4):323-9.
Laser and Sports Medicine
in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
Junichiro Kubota M.D.Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,
Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Clinical
Studies
A
randomised, placebo controlled trial of low level laser therapy
for activated Achilles tendonitis with microdialysis measurement
of peritendinous prostaglandin E2 concentrations. Bjordal,
J.M., Lopes-Martins, R.a., Iversen, V.V. (2006). British Journal
of Sports Medicine 40(1):76-80.
Abstract:
Background: Low
level laser therapy (LLLT) has gained increasing popularity in the
management of tendinopathy and arthritis. Results from in vitro
and in vivo studies have suggested that inflammatory modulation
is one of several possible biological mechanisms of LLLT action.
Objective: To investigate in situ if LLLT has an anti-inflammatory
effect on activated tendinitis of the human Achilles tendon. Subjects:
Seven patients with bilateral Achilles tendinitis (14 tendons) who
had aggravated symptoms produced by pain inducing activity immediately
before the study. Method: Infrared (904nm wavelength) LLLT (5.4J
per point, power density 20mW/cm2) and placebo LLLT (0J) were administered
to both Achilles tendons in random blinded order. Results: Ultrasonography
Doppler measurements at baseline showed minor inflammation through
increased intratendinous blood flow in all 14 tendons and measurable
resistive index in eight tendons of 0.91 (95% confidence interval
0.87 to 0.95). Prostoglandin E2 concentrations were significantly
reduced 75,90 and 105 minutes after active LLLT compared with concentrations
before treatment (p = 0.026) and after placebo LLLT (p= 0.009).
Pressure pain threshold had increased significantly (p = 0.012)
after active LLLT compared with placebo LLLT: the mean difference
in the change between the groups was 0.40 kg/cm2 (95% confidence
interval 0.10 to 0.70). Conclusion: LLLT at a dose of 5.4J per point
can reduce inflammation and pain in activated Achilles tendinitis.
LLLT may therefore have potential in the management of diseases
with an inflammatory component.
Photobiomodulation of
Pain in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Review of Seven Laser Therapy Studies.
Naeser M A (2006). Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 24 (2):101-110.
Low
level laser treatment can reduce edema in second degree ankle sprains.
Sterioulas, A. (2004). J Clin Laser Med Surg 22(2): 125-8.
Wound
healing of animal and human body sport and traffic accident injuries
using low-level laser therapy treatment: a randomized clinical study
of seventy-four patients with control group.
Z; Ivankovich AD; Depolo A., Simunovic (2004). Journal of Clinical
Laser Medicine & Surgery: 18 (2):67-73.
Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized
Controlled Trial. Evcik, D., Kavuncu, V., Cakir, T., Subasi,
V., Yaman, M. (2007).Photomedicine & Laser Surgery 25 (1):34-39.
The use of low-level laser
therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of trigger points that are associated
with rotator cuff tendonitis.
Al-Shenqiti, M.D. & J. Oldham (2003). SPIE Volume 5287, pp.91-101.
Treatment of medial and
lateral epicondylitis tennis and golfers elbow
with low level laser therapy: a multicenter double blind, placebo-controlled
clinical study on 324 patients. Simunovic Z, Trobonjaca
T, Trobonjaca Z (1998). Journal of Clinical Lasers in Medicine and
Surgery 16 (3): 145-151.
LLLT using a Diode Laser
in Successful Treatment of a Herniated Lumbar/Sacral Disc, with
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Assessment: A Case Report.
Laser Therapy. Abe, T. (1989). John Wiley & Sons.
Experimental
Studies
Wound
healing of animal and human body sport and traffic accident injuries
using low-level laser therapy treatment: a randomized clinical study
of seventy-four patients with control group.
Z; Ivankovich AD; Depolo A., Simunovic (?)(2004?). Journal of Clinical
Laser Medicine & Surgery: 18 (2):67-73.
Comparison and single
and multiple applications of GaAIAs laser on rate medial collateral
ligament repair.
Ng, G., Fung, D., Leung, M., Guo, X. (2004). Lasers in Surgery &
Medicine 34(3): 285-289.
Different
Power Settings of LLLT on the Repair of the Calcaneal Tendon.
Neves M A I, Pinfildi C E, Wood V T, Gobbato R C, da Silva F M,
Parizotto N A, Hochman B, Ferreira L M. (2011). Photomedicine and
Laser Surgery 2011 June.
Abstract: Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an 830-nm
GaAlAs diode laser operating at output powers of 40, 60, 80, and
100?mW and energy density of 30?J/cm2 on the repair of partial calcaneal
tendon ruptures in rats. Methods: A partial tendon rupture was induced
in all animals, which were treated with laser irradiation for 5
consecutive days. Six days after injury, the injured tendons were
removed and examined by polarized light microscopy. Collagen fiber
organization was evaluated by birefringence measurements, and collagen
content was determined by Picrosirius Red staining. Results: It
was observed that the higher the output power (60100?mW) the
greater the amount of type III collagen (p<0.01). The amount
of type I collagen was significantly greater (p=0.05) in the 80?mW
group than in the control group (sham stimulation). A non-statistically
significant improvement in the realignment of collagen fibers was
observed in the irradiated groups. Conclusions: Low-level laser
therapy resulted in significantly greater amounts of type III collagen
(output powers of 60?mW or more) and type I collagen (output power
of 80?mW), however, no significant differences between groups were
found in the realignment of collagen fibers.
In
Vitro Studies
The
influence of IR-Laser on the proliferation of fibroblasts: An in-vitro
study.
Ph.van der Veen, Y de Rop, P. Lievens ( ).
Wound
Healing
Meta-Analyses/Reviews
The
efficacy of laser therapy in wound repair: a meta-analysis of the
literature.
Woodruff, L., Bounkeo, J., Brannon, W., Dawes, K. et al (2004).
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery 22(3):2417.
Low
intensity laser therapy in wound healing - A review with special
respect to diabetic angiopathies.
Schindl, A., Schindl, M., Pernerstorfer-Schoen, H., Schindl, L.
(2001). Acta Chirurgica Austriaca. 33(3):132-137.
Low-level
laser therapy for diabetic foot wound healing.
Nicolette Houreld, Heidi Abrahamse (2005). The Diabetic Foot, Winter
2005.
Low-level
laser outshines other modalities for wound treatment: correct dosimetry
is critical.
Bryant, Rebecca (Lasers and beyond) Dermatology Times, 6/15/2004.
Clinical
Studies
Phototherapy
Promotes Healing of Chronic Diabetic Leg Ulcers that Failed to Respond
to Other Therapies.
Minatel, D.G., Frade, M.A.C, Franca S.C. and Enwemeka, C. S. (2009).
Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 41:433-441.
Low-level laser therapy
(LLLT) efficacy in post-operative wounds.
Herascu N; Velciu B; Calin M; Savastru D; Talianu C (2005). Photomedicine
and Laser Surgery 23 (1):70-3.
Abstract: Objective:
The aim of this paper was to investigate the efficacy of low-level
laser radiation (LLLR) with wavelength of 904 nm on the stimulation
of the healing process of postoperative aseptic wounds (early
scar). Background Data: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been
increasingly used to treat many disorders, including wounds. However,
despite such increased clinical usage, there is still controversy
regarding the efficacy of this wound treatment in curent clinical
practice. Methods: LLLT has been used to treat cutting plague
in the right instep and on the left foot. Both resulted from sutured
wounds. The clinical evaluation by semiquantitative methods is
presented. Results: Clinical evaluation showed that the healing
process of these postoperatively treated wounds has occurred and
that the functional recovery of the patients (i.e., return to
their ordinary life) was faster than without treatment. Conclusion:
LLLR with wavelength of 904 nm to stimulate postoperative aseptic
wounds (early scar) is efficient in both cases of cutting plague.
The comparison of effects
between pulsed and CW lasers on wound-healing.
Al-Watban, F. & Zhang, X. (2004). J Clin Laser Med Surg 22(1):15-8.
Wound healing of animal
and human body sport and traffic accident injuries using low-level
laser therapy treatment: a randomized clinical study of seventy-four
patients with control group.
Z; Ivankovich AD; Depolo A., Simunovic (2004). Journal of Clinical
Laser Medicine & Surgery: 18 (2):67-73.
Effect of low intensity
helium-neon (He-Ne) laser irradiation on diabetic wound healing
dynamics.
Maiya GA; Kumar P; Rao L ( ). Photomedicine and Laser Surgery 23
(2):187-90
A case report of low intensity
laser therapy (LILT) in the management of venous ulceration: potential
effects of wound debridement upon efficacy.
Lagan-K-M, Mc-Donough-S-M, Clements-B-A, Baxter-G-D (2000). Journal
of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery 18 (1): 15-22.
Low-Level Laser Therapy
Facilitates Superficial Wound Healing in Humans: A Triple-Blind,
Sham-Controlled Study.
Hopkins, J.T., McLoda, T.A., Seegmiller, J.G. and Baxter, G.D. (2004).
Journal of Athletic Training 2004:39(3):223-229.
Double blind, randomised,
placebo controlled low level laser therapy study in patients with
primary Raynauds phenomenon.
Hirschl, M., Katzenschlager, R., Ammer, K., Melnizky, P. et al (2002).
VASA 31(2):91-4.
Low level laser
treatment of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.
Al Awami M, Schillinger M, Gschwandtner M E et al (2001). VASA 30
(4): 281-284.
Low level laser
therapy in primary Raynauds phenomenon.
Hirschl, M., Katzenschlager, R., Francesconi, C., Kundi, M. (2004).
Journal of Rheumatology 31(12):2408-12.
Low
level laser irradiation attenuates production of reactive oxygen
species by human neutrophils.
Fugimaki, Y., Shimoyama, T., Liu, Q. et al (2003).J Clin Laser Med
Surg 21 (3): 165-70.
The use of low intensity
laser therapy (LILT) for the treatment of open wounds in psychogeriatric
patients: A pilot study.
Verdote-Robertson-R, Munchua-M-M, Reddon-J-R (2000).Physical and
Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics 18(2):1-19.
Therapeutic
laser in treatment of trophic ulcers (TU) of venous aetiology. V.
M. Lisienko, O. J. Menjajlenko ( ). The Ural State Medical Academy.
US Food & Drug Administration:
results from a preliminary wound healing trial.
Waynant, R., (1998). Notes from a presentation at The 2nd Congress
of The world Assoc. for Laser Therapy, Kansas, MO, USA, Sept. 2.5
1998.
Low Level Laser Therapy
(LLLT) as an Effective Therapeutic Modality for Delayed Wound Healing.
Hawkins, D., Houreld, N., & Abrahamse, H. ( ).Faculty of Health,
University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
Evaluation of low-level-laser
irradiation in the healing of diabetic foot wounds: a randomized
controlled trial.
Djavid, G. E. (2006 ). Iranian Ctr. for Medical Laser (Iran) and
Tehran Univ. of Medical Sciences (Iran) [6140-21]
Low Level Laser Therapy
in Primary Raynaud's Phenomenon Results of a Placebo Controlled,
Double Blind Intervention Study.
Mirko Hirschl, Reinhold Katzenschlager, Claudia Francesconi, And
Michael Kundi (2004).From the Department of Angiology, Hanusch Hospital,
Vienna; and the Institute of Environmental Health, Medical University
of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Low level laser therapy
for treatment of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Minar
E. Department of Medical Angiology, University of Vienna, Austria.
mahdi.al-awami@akh-wien.ac.at
Experimental
Studies
A
histologic assessment of the influence of low intensity laser therapy
on wound healing in steroid treated animals.
Pessoa, E., Melhado, R., Theodoro, L., Garcia, V. (2004).Photomedicine
& Laser Surgery 22(3):199-203.
Wound
healing of animal and human body sport and traffic accident injuries
using low-level laser therapy treatment: a randomized clinical study
of seventy-four patients with control group.
Z; Ivankovich AD; Depolo A., Simunovic (2004). Journal of Clinical
Laser Medicine & Surgery: 18 (2):67-73.
Effect
of a diode laser on wound healing by using diabetic and nondiabetic
mice.
Kawalec, J., Hetherington, J., Pfennigwerth, C. et al (2004). Journal
of Foot and Ankle Surgery 43.
Temperature-controlled
830-nm low-level laser therapy of experimental pressure ulcers.
Lanzafame
RJ; Stadler I; Coleman J; Haerum B; Oskoui P; Whittaker M; Zhang
RY (2004)Photomedicine and Laser Surgery 22 (6): 483-8.
Dose and
wavelength of laser light have influence on the repair of cutaneous
wounds.
Mendez TM; Pinheiro AL; Pacheco MT; Nascimento PM; Ramalho LM (2004)
Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery 22 (1): 19-25.
Evaluation
of the use of low level laser and photosensitizer drugs in healing.
Silva, J., Lacava, Z., Kuckelhaus, S., Silva, L. et al (2004). Lasers
in Surgery & Medicine 34(5): 451-7.
Promotion of angiogenesis by low energy laser irradiation.
Mirsky,
N., Krispel, Y., Shoshany, Y., Maltz, L., Oron, U.
(2002). Antioxid Redox Signal 4(5):785-790.
Low-level
laser therapy decreases local effects induced by myotoxins isolated
from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom.
Barbosa A M, Villaverde A B, Guimarães-Sousa L I, Soares
A M, Zamuner S F, Cogo J C, Zamuner S R (2010). Journal of Venomous
Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 16 (3).
Abstract: The prominent
myotoxic effects induced by Bothrops jararacussu crude venom are
due, in part, to its polycationic myotoxins, BthTX-I and BthTX-II.
Both myotoxins have a phospholipase A2 structure: BthTX-II is
an active enzyme Asp-49 PLA2, while BthTX-I is a Lys-49 PLA2 devoid
of enzymatic activity. In this study, the effect of low-level
laser therapy (LLLT), 685 nm laser at a dose of 4.2 J/cm2 on edema
formation, leukocyte influx and myonecrosis caused by BthTX-I
and BthTX-II, isolated from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom,
was analyzed. BthTX-I and BthTX-II caused a significant edema
formation, a prominent leukocyte infiltrate composed predominantly
by neutrophils and myonecrosis in envenomed gastrocnemius muscle.
LLLT significantly reduced the edema formation, neutrophil accumulation
and myonecrosis induced by both myotoxins 24 hours after the injection.
LLLT reduced the myonecrosis caused by BthTX-I and BthTX-II, respectively,
by 60 and 43%; the edema formation, by 41 and 60.7%; and the leukocyte
influx, by 57.5 and 51.6%. In conclusion, LLLT significantly reduced
the effect of these snake toxins on the inflammatory response
and myonecrosis. These results suggest that LLLT should be considered
a potential therapeutic approach for treatment of local effects
of Bothrops species venom.
In
Vitro Studies
The
effect of 880nm low level laser energy on human fibroblast cell
numbers: a possible role in hypertrophic wound healing.
Webb, C. & Dyson, M. (2003). Journal of Photochemistry &
Photobiology B(?)Biol (or Vol?) 70: 39-44.
Effects of low level laser
therapy of 810nm upon in vitro growth of bacteria.
Nussbaum, E., Lilge, L. & Mazzulli, T. (2003).J Clin Laser Med
Surg 21(5): 283-90.
Influence of low level
laser therapy on wound healing and its biological action upon myofibroblasts.
Medrado, A., Pugliese, L., Reis, S., Andrade, Z. (2003).. Lasers
in Surgery & Medicine 32(3): 239-44.
830-nm irradiation increases
the wound tensile strength in a diabetic murine model.
Stadler I, Lanzafame R J, Evans R, et al (2001). Lasers in Surgery
and Medicine. 28 (3): 220-226.
Stimulatory effect of
660 nm low level laser energy on hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts:
possible mechanisms for increase in cell counts.
Webb C, Dyson M, Lewis WH. (1998).Lasers Surg Med. 22(5):294-301.
The influence of IR-Laser
on the proliferation of fibroblasts: An in-vitro study.
Ph.van der Veen, Y de Rop, P. Lievens ( ).
Wound Healing Process:
Influence Of LLLT On The Proliferation Of Fibroblasts And On The
Lymphatic Regeneration.
Lievens P, van der Veen P . Department of Rehabilitation Research
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
Skin
and Scarring
Clinical
Studies
Acne
Care
An
action spectrum for blue and near ultraviolet inactivation of Propionibacterium
acnes; with emphasis on a possible porphyrin photosensitisation.
Kjeldstad B, Jhonsson
Photochemistry-Photobiology 1986: 43(1); 67-70
Singlet
oxygen (1 delta g) generation from coproporphyrin in Propionibacterium
acnes on irradiation.
Arakane K, Ryu A, Hayashi C, Masunaga T, Schinmoto K, Mashiko S,
Nagano T, Hirobe M.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 223 (3): 578-82.
Effect
of Visible Light on Reactive Oxygen Species Production
R. Lubart,1 H. Friedmann,1 R. Lavie,1 N. Grossman,2 M. Sinyakov
and S.
Belotsky
Department of Chemistry and Physics, Department of Life Sciences
Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
Visible
light promotes proliferation of normal skin cells
Grossman, N., Reuveni, H., Halevy, S., Lubart, R:, J. Invest.
Dermatol., 102649A (1994)
Improvement
of rheologic parameters, ligand- and oxygen-binding capacity of
erythrocytes of circulating blood after exposure of the body surface
to visible polarized light.
K.A.Samoilova, K.D.Obolenskaya,
A.V.Vologdina, N.V.Mineeva, N.Yu.Romanenko, M.F.Balljuzek: Published:
8th Congress of European Society for Photobiology. Book of Abstracts,
P106, p.145, Granada (1999)
LLLT
a conservative approach to the burn scar? Gaida, K., Koller,
R., Isler, C. et al (2004). Burns 30(4):362-367.
Abstract: Burn
Scars are known to be difficult to treat because of their tendency
to worsen with hypertrophy and contracture. Various experimental
and clinical efforts have been made to alleviate their effects
but the problem has not been solved. Since patients keep asking
for Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and believe in its effectiviness
on burn scars, and since former studies show contradictory results
of the influence of LLLT on wound healing, this prospective study
was designed to objectify the effects of LLLT on burn scars. Nineteen
patients with 19 burn scars were treated with a 400mW 670nm Softlaser
twice a week over 8 weeks. In each patient a control area was
defined, that was not irradiated. Parameters assessed were the
Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) for macroscopic evaluation and the
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pruritus and pain. Photographical
and clinical assessments were recorded in all the patients. Seventeen
out of 19 scars an improvement after treatment. The average rating
on the VSS decreased from 7.10+/-2.13 to 4.68+/-2.05 points in
the treated areas, whereas teh VSS in the control areas decreased
from 6.10+/-2.86 to 5.88+/-2.72. A correlation between scar dutation
and improvement through LLLT could be found. No negative effects
of LLLT were reported. The present study shows that the 400mW
670nm softlaser has a positive, yet sometimes limited effect on
burn scars concerning macroscopic appearance, pruritus and pain.
Effects of low-intensity polarized visible laser radiation on skin
burns: a light microscopy study. Ribeiro, M.S., Da Silva, F. Dde.,
De Araujo, C.E., De Oliveira, S.F., Pelegrini, C.M., Zorn, T.M.,
and Zezell, D.M. (2004). J Clin Laser Med Surg 22:59-66.
The
effect of adding low energy laser irradiation after skin resurfacing
in lowering complication. Fereydson, E., Samieh, M. (2002).Lasers
in Surgery & Medicine: Abstract 242.
Low-Level Laser Therapy Facilitates Superficial Wound Healing in
Humans: A Triple-Blind, Sham-Controlled Study. Hopkins, J.T., McLoda,
T.A., Seegmiller, J.G. and Baxter, G.D. (2004). Journal of Athletic
Training 2004:39(3):223-229.
Clinical
Effect of Diode Laser to Improve Fair Take of the Grafted Skin.
Fujino T, Kiyoizumi T, Kubota J and Ohshiro T(1986) Japan Keio Journal
of Medicine 35:28-35.
Stimulatory
effect of 660 nm low level laser energy on hypertrophic scar-derived
fibroblasts: possible mechanisms for increase in cell counts. Webb
C, Dyson M, Lewis WH (1998).Lasers Surg Med. 22(5):294-301.
Experimental
Studies
Action
of diode laser (830nm) on cutaneous wound healing process: biometrical
and histological study in rats. Rezende, S. B. (2001).Dissertation
(Professional Master's Degree "Lasers in Dentistry") -
Nuclear and Energy Research Institute / School of Dentistry, University
of São Paulo, São Paulo. Advisor: Edison Puig Maldonado,
DDS, PhD, Edmir Matson, DDS, PhD
Dose and wavelength of laser light have influence on the repair
of cutaneous wounds.Mendez TM; Pinheiro AL; Pacheco MT; Nascimento
PM; Ramalho LM (2004?)Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery
22 (1): 19-25.
Collagen birefringence in skin repair in response to red polarized-laser
therapy. Daniela de Fátima Teixeira da Silva , Benedicto
de Campos Vidal , Denise Maria Zezell , Telma Maria Tenório
Zorn, Silvia Cristina Núñez and Martha Simões
Ribeiro (2006). Journal of Biomedical Optics 11, Issue 2.
The influence of low-level laser therapy on biomodulation of collagen
and elastic fibers. Pugliese LS; Medrado AP; Reis SR; Andrade Zde
A (2003).Pesquisa Odontologica Brasileira (Brazilian Oral Research)
17 (4): 307-13
In
Vitro Studies
Stimulatory
effect of 660 nm low level laser energy on hypertrophic scar-derived
fibroblasts: possible mechanisms for increase in cell counts.Webb
C, Dyson M, Lewis WH. (1998). Lasers Surg Med. 22(5):294-301.
Laser Stimulation of Collagen Synthesis in Human Skin Fibroblast
Cultures.Lam S, Abergel R P, Meeker C A, Castel J C , Dwyer R M
and Uitto J (1986). Lasers in Life Sciences 1 (1):61-77.
Bone
Healing
MetaAnalyses/Reviews
The
Influence of Low-Intensity Laser Therapy on Bone Healing (2012).
Ebrahimi T, Moslemi N, AR. Rokn, M. Heidari , H. Nokhbatolfoghahaie,
R. Fekrazad Journal of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran (Vol. 9, No. 4)
Abstract:
Objective: Low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) is defined
to supply direct biostimulative light energy to the cells. While
several studies have demonstrated that LILT has stimulating effects
on bone cells and can accelerate the repair process of the bone,
others reported delayed fracture healing or no effects after LILT.
The aim of this article was to review the studies evaluating the
biomodulation effects of LILT on bone-derived stem cells.
Materials and Methods: To access relevant articles, searching
in three electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar
and Science Direct was conducted until April 2012. The key words
used were low-level laser, low-intensity laser, low-power laser
therapy, stem cell, bone marrow stem cell, bone and osteoblast.
The articles that met the eligibility criteria were included in
this review of literature.
Results: Twenty-five relevant articles (13 in vitro and 12 animal
studies) were included. Eleven in vitro studies showed positive
results with regard to acceleration of cell proliferation and
differentiation. All animal studies showed improved bone healing
in sites irradiated with low-intensity laser.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the reviewed articles, low
intensity laser therapy can accelerate bone healing in extraction
sites, bone fracture defects and distraction osteogenesis, provided
proper parameters were applied.
Effects of low power laser irradiation on bone healing in animals:
a meta-analysis. Tajali S B, MacDermid J C, Houghton P, and Grewal
R (2010). Journal of Orthopeadic Surgery and Research 2010, 5:1.
Abstract:
Purpose: The meta-analysis was performed to identify animal research
defining the effects of low power laser irradiation on biomechanical
indicators of bone regeneration and the impact of dosage. Method:
We searched five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed,
CINAHL, and Cochrane Database of Randomised Clinical Trials) for
studies in the area of laser and bone healing published from 1966
to October 2008. Included studies had to investigate fracture
healing in any animal model, using any type of low power laser
irradiation, and use at least one quantitative biomechanical measures
of bone strength. There were 880 abstracts related to the laser
irradiation and bone issues (healing, surgery and assessment).
Five studies met our inclusion criteria and were critically appraised
by two raters independently using a structured tool designed for
rating the quality of animal research studies. After full text
review, two articles were deemed ineligible for meta-analysis
because of the type of injury method and biomechanical variables
used, leaving three studies for meta-analysis. Maximum bone tolerance
force before the point of fracture during the biomechanical test,
4 weeks after bone deficiency was our main biomechanical bone
properties for the Meta analysis.
Results: Studies indicate that low power laser irradiation can
enhance biomechanical properties of bone during fracture healing
in animal models. Maximum bone tolerance was statistically improved
following low level laser irradiation (average random effect size
0.726, 95% CI 0.08 - 1.37, p 0.028). While conclusions are limited
by the low number of studies, there is concordance across limited
evidence that laser improves the strength of bone tissue during
the healing process in animal models.
Clinical
Studies
Bone
repair of the periapical lesions treated or not with low intensity
laser (wavelength=904 nm) Sousa G R, Ribeiro M S, Groth E B. (2002)..
Laser Surg Med. Abstract Issue 2002. abstract 303.
In Vitro
Studies
Human
Articular Chondrocytes Cultivated in Three Dimensions: Effects of
I.R. Laser Irradiation. Bassleer, C., Dachy,M., Reginster, J.Y.,
Gysen, P., Bassleer, R., Franchimont, P. (1985).International Congress
on Laser in Medicine and Surgery, Bologna: 381-385.
Experimental
Studies
Low-Energy
Laser Irradiation Stimulates Bone Nodule Formation At Early Stages
Of Cell Culture In Rat Calvarial Cells. Ozawa Y; Shimizu N; Kariya
G; Abiko Y (1998). Bone 22 (4): 347-354.
Abstract:
To determine the target cells responsible for the action of laser
irradiation and roles of irradiation on these cells during bone
formation, we investigated the effects of low-energy laser irradiation
at various cell culture stages on cellular proliferation, bone
nodule formation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteocalcin
gene expression, employing rat calvarial cells. Osteoblast-like
cells isolated from fetal rat calvariae were irradiated once with
a low-energy Ga-Al-As laser (830 nm, 500 mW) at various cell culture
stages (days 1-16). Laser irradiation at early stages of culture
significantly stimulated cellular proliferation, ALP activity,
and osteocalcin gene expression thereafter. Furthermore, laser
irradiation at earlier stages of culture significantly stimulated
a greater number (1.7-fold) and larger area (3.4-fold) of bone
nodules that had developed in the culture dish on day 21. However,
these effects could not be found by irradiation at a later date.
These results suggest that laser irradiation may play two principal
roles in stimulating bone formation. One is stimulation of cellular
proliferation, especially proliferation of nodule-forming cells
of osteoblast lineage, and the other is stimulation of cellular
differentiation, especially to committed precursors, resulting
in an increase in the number of more differentiated osteoblastic
cells and an increase in bone formation. Both bone-formation-stimulating
roles may be exhibited by laser irradiation to immature cells
only.
Low-level laser therapy improves bone repair in rats treated with
anti-inflammatory drugs. Ribeiro D A and Matsumoto M A (2008). Journal
of Oral Rehabiliation Vol 35: 12 925-933 Dec 08
Abstract:
Nowadays, selective cyclooxygenase-2 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs have been largely used in surgical practice for reducing
oedema and pain. However, the association between these drugs
and laser therapy is not known up to now. Herein, the aim of this
study was to evaluate the action of anti-COX-2 selective drug
(celecoxib) on bone repair associated with laser therapy. A total
of 64 rats underwent surgical bone defects in their tibias, being
randomly distributed into four groups: Group 1) negative control;
Group 2) animals treated with celecoxib; Group 3) animals treated
with low-level power laser and Group 4) animals treated with celecoxib
and low-level power laser. The animals were killed after 48 h,
7, 14 and 21 days. The tibias were removed for morphological,
morphometric and immunohistochemistry analysis for COX-2. Statistical
significant differences (P < 0·05) were observed in
the quality of bone repair and quantity of formed bone between
groups at 14 days after surgery for Groups 3 and 4. COX-2 immunoreactivity
was more intense in bone cells for intermediate periods evaluated
in the laser-exposed groups. Taken together, such results suggest
that low-level laser therapy is able to improve bone repair in
the tibia of rats as a result of an up-regulation for cyclooxygenase-2
expression in bone cells.
Computerized Morphometric Assessment Of The
Effect Of Low-Level Laser Therapy On Bone Repair: An Experimental
Animal Study.
Silva
Junior A, Pinheiro A, Oliveira M et al. (2002). Journal of Clinical
Laser Medicine & Surgery, 20 (2): 83-87.
Bone Fracture Consolidates Faster With Low
Power Laser.
Trelles,
M.A. & Mayayo, E. (1987). Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 7 (1)
36-45.
Effect Of Low Incident Levels Of Infrared
Laser Energy On The Healing Of Experimental Bone Fractures.
Glinkowski W, Rowinski J (1995). Laser Therapy, 7: 67-70.
Effect of Low Level Carbon Dioxide Laser Radiation on Biochemical
Metabolism of Rabbit Mandibular Bone Callus. Chen, J., & Zhou,
Y. (1989).Laser Therapy. John Wiley & Sons.
Effect of low-power He- Ne laser on fracture healing in rats. David
R, Nissan M, Cohen I, Soudry M.(1996). Lasers Surg Med, 19: 458-464.
Smoking
Cessation
Clinical
Studies
Low
Level Laser For The Stimulation Of Acupoints For Smoking Cessation:
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomised Trial And Semi-Structured
Interviews. Kerr, C.M., Lowe, P.B. & Spielholz, N.I. (2008).
Journal of Chinese Medicine 86: 46-51.
Abstract: Aim: to determine whether the application of laser acupoint
stimulation to previously reported effective ear and body acupuncture
points was successful in reducing the physical symptoms of withdrawal,
so promoting a complete cessation of smoking. Design: The method
used was that of a double blind, randomised controlled trial and
semi-structured interviews. Adult volunteers (n=415) were recruited
following a television appeal. After initial screening and application
of inclusion/exclusion criteria the volunteers (n=387) were randomly
allocated to either of the treatment groups A or B or C. Intervention:
Three laser therapy treatments on days 1, 3 and 7 of the programme
and one sham treatment on day 14 (Group A) or 4 laser treatments
carried out on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 (Group B) or Group C with four
sham treatments on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. Sham treatments used an
inactive probe identical in appearance to active probe. Findings:
Groups A and Group B participants achieved a higher rate of non
smoking than Group C. Of the two groups, four treatments (Group
B) was more effective than thethree treatments (Group A). The
differences in the non smoking behaviors of all three groups were
statistically significant. Subjective data reported a lessening
of withdrawal symptoms after laser treatment. Conclusions: Laser
acupoint stimulation can assist in smoking cessation by reducing
the physical symptoms of withdrawal.
Laser Auriculotherapy as part of the Nicotine Detoxification Process:
Evaluation of 1280 Subjects and Theoretical Considerations of a
Developing Model. Marovino, T.A.(1994). American Journal of Acupuncture
22 (2) 129-135.
The
Use of Laser on Acupuncture Points for Smoking Cessation. Tan, C.H.,
Sin, Y.M. & Huang, X.G.(1987). American Journal of Acupuncture,
15 (2) 137-141.
Plasma
ACTH and ß-Endorphin Levels in Response to Low Level Laser
Therapy (LLLT) for Myofascial Trigger Points. Laakso L, Cramond
T, Richardson C & Galligan JP (1994). Laser Therapy 6: 133-142.
Biological
Effects of Painless Laser Needle Acupuncture. Litscher G, Wand L,
Schikora D, Rachbauer D, Schwarz G, Schopfer A, Ropele S, Huber
E (2004).Medical Acupuncture Journal, 16 (1): 24-29.
Anna
Sheridan Laser Therapy Centre Project Evaluation 1999-2000. Sheridan
A (2008). Pre-publication clinical evidence summary.
Anna
Sheridan Laser Therapy Centre Project Evaluation 2002-2005.Sheridan
A (2008). Pre-publication clinical evidence summary.
Low Level Laser Therapy: Double Blind Study to Assess Effectiveness
for Stopping Smoking. Harrison A (1993).Unpublished.
Laser
therapy has been shown to independently increase endorphin release
(Laakso et al 1994 above), but when used to stimulate acupuncture
points for smoking cessation, whether the effects of the lasering
are due totally to the acupuncture point stimulation or whether
there are additional systemic photobiological effects delivered
by the laser treatment which might be improving treatment effectiveness,
is not yet proven. However, it is likely that the acupuncture effects
represent the main part of the beneficial effect. The wealth of
general acupuncture research into smoking cessation is therefore
relevant and a selection of this follows below:
Acupuncture
therapy for the treatment of tobacco smoking addiction.Steiner RP,
Hay DL, Davis AW (1982). AM J Chin Med, 19:107-121
Evaluation
of acupuncture as a treatment for smoking.Swartz J (1998) American
Journal of
Acupuncture, 16 (2): 135 142.
Smoking
withdrawal and acupuncture. Fuller JA (1982).Medical Journal Australia,
1: 28-29.
Auricular
acupuncture for smoking withdrawal.Gilbey V. & Neumann B. (1977).
American Journal of Acupuncture, 5: 239-247.
Efficacité
de lacupuncture dans un essai comparatif.Lacroix JC. &
Besancon F. Le sevrage du tabac. Ann Med Intern (Paris) 1977; 128:
405-408.
The
use of laser on acupuncture for smoking withdrawal. Parker LN. &
Mok MS.(1977).American Journal of Acupuncture, 3: 363-366.
The
use of laser on acupuncture points for smoking cessation. Tan CH.
& Haung XG (1987).American Journal of Acupuncture, 13(2): 137-141.
Acupuncture
anti-tabagique.Lagrue G. Poupy JL. Grillot A. Ansquer JC (1980).
La Nouvelle Presse Médicale, 9: 966.
Acupuncture
for smokers: lack of long-term effect in a controlled study.Lamontagne
Y. Lawrence A. Gagnon MA (1980). Canadian Medical Journal, 5: 787-790.
The efficacy of acupuncture as an aid to stopping smoking.Martin
GP. Waite PM (1981). New Zealand Medical Journal, 93: 421-423.
Chronic
Pain
Meta-Analyses/Reviews
Efficacy
of low-level laser therapy in the management of neck pain: a systematic
review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo or active-treatment
controlled trials.
Chow, R.T., Johnson, M.I., Lopes-Martins, R.A.B and Bjordal, J.M.
(2009). The Lancet 374 (9705):1897-1908.
Abstract: BACKGROUND:
Neck pain is a common and costly condition for which pharmacological
management has limited evidence of efficacy and side-effects.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a relatively uncommon, non-invasive
treatment for neck pain, in which non-thermal laser irradiation
is applied to sites of pain. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis
of randomised controlled trials to assess the efficacy of LLLT
in neck pain.
METHODS: We searched computerised databases comparing efficacy
of LLLT using any wavelength with placebo or with active control
in acute or chronic neck pain. Effect size for the primary outcome,
pain intensity, was defined as a pooled estimate of mean difference
in change in mm on 100 mm visual analogue scale.
FINDINGS: We identified 16 randomised controlled trials including
a total of 820 patients. In acute neck pain, results of two trials
showed a relative risk (RR) of 1.69 (95% CI 1.22-2.33) for pain
improvement of LLLT versus placebo. Five trials of chronic neck
pain reporting categorical data showed an RR for pain improvement
of 4.05 (2.74-5.98) of LLLT. Patients in 11 trials reporting changes
in visual analogue scale had pain intensity reduced by 19.86 mm
(10.04-29.68). Seven trials provided follow-up data for 1-22 weeks
after completion of treatment, with short-term pain relief persisting
in the medium term with a reduction of 22.07 mm (17.42-26.72).
Side-effects from LLLT were mild and not different from those
of placebo.
INTERPRETATION: We show that LLLT reduces pain immediately after
treatment in acute neck pain and up to 22 weeks after completion
of treatment in patients with chronic neck pain.FUNDING: None.
A systematic
review of low level laser therapy with location-specific doses for
pain from chronic joint disorders.
Bjordal, J., Couppe,C., Chow, R., Tuner, J., Ljunggren, E. (2003).Australian
Journal of Physiotherapy 49(2):107-16.
Foot problems
in rheumatology.
Woodburn, J., Helliwell, P.S. (1997). British Journal of Rheumatology
36(9):932-4.
What else
can I do but take drugs: The future of research on nonpharmacological
treatment in early inflammatory arthritis.
Li, L. (2005). Journal of Rheumatology Supplement 72:21-4.
Clinical
Studies
A
Double Blind Crossover Trial of Low Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment
of Post Herpetic Neuralgia.
Moore K C, Hira N, Kumar P S, Jaykumar C S & Ohshiro T (1989).
Laser Therapy 1 (1):7-9.
Abstract: Post herpetic
neuralgia can be an extremely painful condition which in many
cases proves resistant to all the accepted forms of treatment.
It is frequently most severe in the elderly and may persist for
years with no predictable course. This trial was designed as a
double blind assessment of the efficacy of low level laser therapy
in the relief of the pain of post herpetic neuralgia with patients
acting as their own controls. Admission to the trial was limited
to patients with established post herpetic neuralgia of at least
six months duration and who had shown little or no response to
conventional methods of treatment. Measurements of pain intensity
and distribution were noted over a period of eight treatments
in two groups of patients each of which received four consecutive
laser treatments. The results demonstrate a significant reduction
in both pain intensity and distribution following a course of
low level laser therapy.
Combination Therapy Comprising Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and
Brace Therapy for Chronic Lower Back Pain Patients.
Ohkuni I, Ushigome N, Harada T, Oshiro T, Musya Y, Mizutani K, Takahashi
H, Suguro T, and Tsuchiya K (2009). Laser Therapy 18.4: 187-192.
Abstract: Low Level
Laser Therapy (LLLT) in combination with a sacroiliac brace was
used on 33 patients with chronic lower back pain to examine the
effectiveness of this combination therapy. A semiconductor laser
(1000mW, CW, 830nm) was used. Due to the short duration effect
of LLLT previously reported, we tested the effect of combination
therapy using LLLT and a sacroliliac brace. Our results showed
that the number of patients who had lower back pain in their activities
of daily living (ADL) or work decreased, and this combination
therapy improved both their ADL and quality of life (QOL). Chronic
lower back pain patients who had just started visiting our hospital
obtained satisfactory results with LLLT but the latency period
was short. In order to maintain the effects of LLLT, we controlled
the patients' posture with a sacroiliac brace, which was able
to prevent chronic pain for a longer period. The combination treatment
was well-tolerated, side-effect free and offered good efficacy
in improving pain and range of motion of the lumbar spine.
Photobiomodulation of pain and inflammation in microcrystalline
arthropathies: experimental and clinical results.
Soriano, F., Campana, V., Moya, M., Gavotto, A., Simes, J., Soriano,
M., Soriano, R., Spitale, L., Palma, J. (2006).Photomedicine &
Laser Surgery 24(2): 140-150.Djavid,G.E., Mehrdad, R.,
Long-term
efficacy of low level laser therapy in women with fibromyalgia:
A placebo-controlled study.
Armagan O, Tascioglu F, Ekim A and Oner C (2006). Journal of Back
and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation 19: 135-140.
The
Effects of Laser Acupuncture on Chronic Tension Headache
A Radomised Controlled Trial.
Ebneshahidi N S, Heshmatipour M, Moghaddami A & Eghtesadi-Araghi
P (2005). Acupuncture in Medicine, 23 (1): 13-18.
Photobiomodulation
of Pain in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Review of Seven Laser Therapy
Studies.
Naeser M A (2006). Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 24 (2):101-110.
LLLT
(Lower Reactive Level Laser Therapy) A Clinical Study: Relationship
between Pain Attenuation and the Serotonergic Mechanism.
Mizokami T, Aoki K, Iwabuchi S, Kasai K, Yamazaki Y, Sakurai T,
Samejima K & Yoshii N (1993). Laser Therapy, 5:165-168.
In
chronic low back pain, low level laser therapy combined with exercise
is more beneficial than exercise alone in the long term: a randomised
trial.
Ghasemi, M., Hasan-Zadeh, H., Sotoodeh-Manesh, A. & Pouryaghoub,
G. (2007). Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 53:155-160.
Low-Intensity
Laser Therapy for Painful Symptoms of Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy.
Ainman LH, Ngo M, Ng E T, Nwe T, Gogov S & Bril V (2004). Diabetes
Care, 27:921-924.
Efficacy
of low power laser therapy in fibromyalgia.
Gur, A., Karakoc, M., Nas, K. et al (2002). Lasers Med Sci 17(1):57-61.
Efficacy
of 904nm Gallium Arsenide Low Level Laser Therapy in the Management
of Chronic Myofascial Pain in the Neck: A Double-Blind and Randomized
Controlled Trial.
Gur A, Sarac A J, Cevik R, Altindag O and Sarac S (2004). Lasers
in Surgery and Medicine 35: 229-235.
Laser
Acupuncture in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomised Controlled
Study. Yurtkuran,
M., Konur, S., Ozcakir, S., Bingol, U. (2007). Photomedicine &
Laser Surgery 25 (1):14-20.
Low level
laser therapy (classes I,II and III) for treating rheumatoid arthritis.
Brosseau, L., Gam, A., Harman, K., Morin, M. et al (2005).The Cochrane
Library, Issue 1.
Low
level laser therapy (classes I,II and III) for treating osteoarthritis.
Brosseau, L., Gam, A., Harman, K., Morin, M. et al (2004). The Cochrane
Library, Issue 3.
Randomised
controlled trial on LLLT in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the
hand.
Brosseau, L., Wells, G., Marchand, S., Baboury, I. et al (2005).Lasers
in Surgery & Medicine 36(3): 210-219.
Double
blind, randomised, placebo controlled low level laser therapy study
in patients with primary Raynauds phenomenon.
Hirschl, M., Katzenschlager, R., Ammer, K., Melnizky, P. et al (2002).VASA
31(2):91-4.
Low
level laser treatment of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.
Al Awami M, Schillinger M, Gschwandtner M E et al (2001).. VASA
30 (4): 281-284.
Low
level laser therapy in primary Raynauds phenomenon.
Hirschl, M., Katzenschlager, R., Francesconi, C., Kundi, M. (2004).
Journal of Rheumatology 31(12):2408-12.
Low
Level Laser Therapy in Primary Raynaud's Phenomenon Results
of a Placebo Controlled, Double Blind Intervention Study From the
Department of Angiology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna; and the Institute
of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Mirko Hirschl, Reinhold Katzenschlager, Claudia Francesconi, And
Michael Kundi (2004)..
Low level
laser therapy for treatment of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.
Al-Awami M, Schillinger M, Maca T, Pollanz S, Minar E. Department
of Medical Angiology, University of Vienna, Austria. mahdi.al-awami@akh-wien.ac.at
In
Vitro Studies
The
effect of 820nm Laser irradiation upon conduction in the frog (
rana temporaria) sciatic nerve in vitro.
Walsh D, Baxter G D, Allen JM (1995). Laser Therapy, 7: 5-10.
Effects
of NeNe laser on levels of stress protein and arthritic histopathology
in experimental osteoarthritis.
Lin. Y et al (2004). American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
83(10):758-765.
Nerve
Regeneration
Clinical
Studies
A
preliminary clinical study comparing the effect of low level laser
therapy (LLLT) and corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of facial
palsy.
Yamada H, Yananaka Y, Orihara H & Ogawa H (1995). Laser Therapy
7: 157-162.
Abstract: Seven cases
of peripheral facial palsy, who were patients of our hospitals
dermatological clinic, were treated with diode low reactive-level
laser therapy (LLLT) while another seven cases, who were patients
of our hospitals otolaryngological clinic, were treated
with a combination therapy consisting of LLLT and corticosteroid
therapy, over the past one and half years. The clinical efficacy
of the two regimens has been analyzed so that the comparison could
be made utilizing a separate corticosteroid therapy group as the
control. Those patients who had received LLLT showed a very similar
overall recovery from the palsy when compared to those treated
with corticosteroid, however, those patients who had received
the combination therapy showed the best recovery in the shortest
period. No clinically significant adverse effect resulting from
the LLLT was noted. Our results suggest that LLLT would be a suitable
alternative treatment for those facial palsy patients for whom
corticosteroid is not manageable, and furthermore that LLLT would
be an ideal adjunctive treatment for those facial palsy patients
for whom corticosteroid therapy is manageable.
Efficacy of low level laser therapy on neurosensory
recovery after injury to the inferior alveolar nerve.
Ozen T, Gorur I and Ozturk A (2006).Head & Face Medicine 2(3).
Experimental Studies
Light
promotes regeneration and functional recovery and alters the immune
response after spinal cord injury.
Byrnes, K., Waynant, R., Ilev, I., Wu, X. et al (2005). Lasers in
Surgery & Medicine 36(3): 171-185.
Double-blind
randomized study evaluating regeneration of the rat transected sciatic
nerve after suturing and postoperative low-power laser treatment.
Shamir M H, Rochkind S, Sandbank J, Alon M (2001).Journal of reconstructive
microsurgery. 2001; 17 (2): 133-137.
Effects
of laser irradiation on the spinal cord for the regeneration of
crushed peripheral nerve in rats.
Rochkind-S, Nissan-M, Alon-M et al. (2001). Lasers in Surgery and
Medicine 2001, 28 (3): 216-219.
An
Innovative approach to induce regeneration and the repair of spinal
cord injury.
Rochkind S, Shahar A & Nevo Z (1997). Laser Therapy 9 (4): 151.
Pain
suppressive effect of low power laser irradiation. A quantitative
analysis of substance P in the rat spinal dorsal root ganglion.
Ohno T (1997). J Nippon Med Sch. 64 (5): 395-400. (In Japanese with
English abstract).
The
effects of low level laser treatment on recovery of nerve conduction
and motor function after compression injury in the rat sciatic nerve.
Khullar SM, Brodin P, Messelt EB, Haanaes HR (1995) European Journal
of Oral Science, 103:299-305.
Diode
Laser Irradiation Selectively Diminishes Slow Component Of Axonal
Volleys To Dorsal Roots From The Saphenous Nerve.
Tsuchiya K et al. (1993).Neuroscience Letters, 161: 65-68.
Light
Therapy - A Non-Invasive Emerging Therapy for Treatment of Spinal
Cord Injury. Anders J J (2007). Lecture given at Working
2 Walk Science Symposium, April 22, 2007 in Washington DC.
Low reactive-level
830 nm Ga Al As diode laser therapy (LLLT) successfully accelerates
regeneration of peripheral nerves in human.
Midamba E D & Haanaes H R (1993) Laser Therapy 5:125.
Equine
Disorders
Clinical
Studies
Low
Level Laser Therapy in Horses.
Yamada, H., Kameya, T., Abe, N., & Miyahara, K. (1989). Laser
Therapy, 1 (1): 31-35.
Abstract: Nineteen horses
mainly with chronic inflammation of tendon and / or ligament that
had not responded well to conventional medicine and methodologies,
were treated by contact or acupuncture technique using gallium
aluminium arsenide (Ga-AI-As) diode laser (10mW, 790nm) without
medicament. The treatments were performed every day or every other
week, for 20 to 40 s on the affected area or acupoints. Of 19
cases, 12 (63.2%) were cured, five (26.3%) were improved and two
(10.5%) were unchanged. It was concluded that clinical application
of low level laser therapy, such as contact and / or laser acupuncture
technique is non-invasive and not painful for animals and effective
in pain suppression and improvement of inflammatory reaction,
especially in acute and mild cases.
Therapy
of RAO (COPD) In Horses Controlled Laser Acupuncture Versus
Pharmacotherapy. Reitz,
A (2008). Zeitschrift für Ganzheitlich Tiermedizin: 10-13.
A
Study of the Effects of Lasering on Chronic Bowed Tendons at Wheatley
Hall Farm Limited Canada.
McKibbin, L. S., Paraschak, D M. (1983). Lasers in Surgery and Medicine,
3: 55-59.
Soft
Laser Treatment of Musculoskeletal and Other Disorders in the Equine
Athlete.
Antikatzides,T.G. (1986). Equine Practice, 8 (2).
Use
of Laser Light to treat Certain Lesions in Standardbreds.
McKibben, L.S., Paraschak, D. (1984). Modern Veterinary Practice,
March 1984.
An
investigation into the depth of Penetration of Low Lever laser Therapy
Through the Equine Tendon In Vivo.
Ryan, T. And Smith, R.K.W.(2007). Irish Veterinary Journal 60 (5).
Treatment
of Chronic Back Pain in Horses Stimulation of Acupuncture
Points with a Low Powered Infrared Laser.
Benson, B. MJnr & Klide, A.M. (1987). Veterinary Surgery 16
(1): 106- 110.
Soft Laser in the Conservative Treatment of Chronic Skin Lesions
in the Horse. Muxeneder R (1987). Praktische Tierarzt, 68 (1): 12
21.
The
effects of low level lasers on soft tissue in veterinary medicine.
Lloyd S. McKibbin and Robert Downie.
The Acupuncture Institute, Wheatley, Ontario, Canada N0P 2P0 Unpublished.
LP Laser effects in equine traumatology and post-surgery.
Theo. G. Antikas (1990)Unpublished.
A
review of clinical applications of Low Level Laser Therapy in Veterinary
Medicine.
Kaymeya
T, Wang L, and Haruo Y () .....
Laser
therapy by fibroendoscopy in the mucosa of the equine upper airway.
Gomez-Villamandos R.J., Santisteban-Valenzuela J.M, Ruiz-Calatrava
I., Gomez-Villamandos J.C., Avila-Jurado I. ( ).....,
Laser
Therapy and Wound Healing in Horses
Peterson, S.L., et al. (1999) Equine Veterinary Journal, 31.
Laser
Acupuncture on Horses with COPD.
Petermann, U ( 1998) Prakt Tierarzt, Akupunktur, Germany.
Laserakupunktur
bei infizierter Tendinitis des Pferdes.
Petermann, U (1999). Prakt Tierarzt 1.
Lasertherapie
in der Veterinärmedizin.
Petermann, U (1998).. Vet Impulse 24: 12-13.
The
role of laser acupuncture in equine back problems.
Petermann, U ( )Prakt Tierarzt, Akupunktur.
Laser
acupuncture treatment of infected arthritis and tendosynovitis in
horses.
Petermann, U ( ) Prakt Tierarzt, Akupunktur.
Immunology
Clinical
Studies
Visible
405nm SLD light photo-destroys methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) in vitro.
Enwemeka, C.S., Hollosi, S., Yens, D. and Enwemeka, S.K. (2009).
Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 40:734-737.
Low-Intensity
Laser Therapy is an Effective Treatment for Recurrent Herpes Simplex
infection Results from a Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled
Study.
Schindl A & Neumann R (1998). Journal of Investigative Dermatology,
113:221-223.
Veruccae
Pedis: Evaluation of a method of eradication using class 3B (low-level)
laser therapy a double blind clinical study.
Turner W.A.Unpublished (submitted in 2002 to American Society of
Lasers in Surgery & Medicine).
The
Efficacy of Laser Surgery for Verruca Plantaries: Report of a Study.
Lawrence A Lavery BS - Dr William M Scholl College of Podiatric
Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. Johnathon M Cutler BS, Dr William M
Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. Adolph
W Galinski DPM, American Board of Podiatric Surgery, Dept of Surgical
Sciences Dr William M Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine, Chicago,
Illinois. Bart W Gastwirth DPM, American Board of Podiatric Orthopedics,
Dr William M Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
Experimental
Studies
Effect
of therapy with an immunomodulator (imiquimod, R-837) alone and
with acyclovir on genital HSV-2 infection in guinea-pigs when begun
after lesion development.
Bernstein D I, Miller R L and Harrison C J (1993).Antiviral Research,
20: 45-55.
Low-level
laser therapy decreases local effects induced by myotoxins isolated
from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom.
Barbosa A M, Villaverde A B, Guimarães-Sousa L I, Soares
A M, Zamuner S F, Cogo J C, Zamuner S R (2010). Journal of Venomous
Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 16 no (3).
Dental
Conditions
Meta-Analysis/Reviews
Low-level
laser use in dentistry.
Parker, S (2007). British Dental Journal, 202, 131-138.
Human Studies
Clinical
Studies
Clinical
results evaluation of dentinary hypersensitivity patients treated
with laser therapy. Brugnera
A, Cruz FM, Zanin FA & Pecora JD (1999).Proc. SPIE Vol. 3593:
66-68.
Abstract:
300 human teeth were treated for hypersensitivity during the period
1995-1997. Pulpal vitality was verified using thermal tests, and
only reversible processes were treated. HeNe and GaAlAs lasers
were used. All teeth received 4 J/session, up to 5 sessions. 79%
of the patients were treated in 3 sessions with success; 8.6%
were cured in 4 sessions; and 4.3% were successfully treated in
5 sessions, obtaining 92% success in total.
Efficacy of low level laser therapy on neurosensory recovery after
injury to the inferior alveolar nerve. Ozen T, Gorur I, and Ozturk
A (2006).Head & Face Medicine 2(3).
Effect
of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Candida albicans Growth in Patients
with Denture Stomatitis
Maver-Biscanin M, Mravak-Stipetic M and Jerolimov V (2005). Photomedicine
and Laser Surgery, 23 (3): 328 -332.
Low-level
laser therapy is an important tool to treat disorders of the maxillofacial
region (TMJ) Pinheiro A L, Cavalcanti T T, Pinheiro T I,
Aves M J, Miranda E R, De Quevedo A S, Manzi C T, Vieira A L, Rolim
A B (1998).. Journal of Clinical Lasers in Medicine and Surgery,
16 (4): 223-226.
Experimental
Studies
Analgesic
effect of soft laser irradiation on the heat nociciptors in the
cat tongue.
Mezawa S & Saito T (1989).Lasers in Dentistry : 267-276. Eds:
Yamamoto H, Atsumi K and Kusakari H.
In
Vitro Studies
Effect
of low level laser therapy on the repair of bone defects grafted
with inorganic bovine bone.
PinheiroI A L B, Limeira F D A JrII, Gerbill M E M, Ramalho P III,
Marzola C IV and Ponzi E A C. (2003). Brazilian Dental Journal ,
14(3).
Low level
laser therapy in treatment of lesions in the inferior alveolar and
mental nerves. Brugnera A Jr, et al.(2000). In Proceedings
of 3rd Congress of World Association For Laser Therapy.
Comparative
clinical study of light analgesic effect on temporomandibular disorder
(TMD) using red and infrared led therapy.
Panhoca VH, de Fatima Zanirato Lizarelli R,
Nunez SC, Pizzo RC, Grecco C, Paolillo FR, Bagnato VS Optics
Group from Physics Institute of Sao Carlos (IFSC), University of
Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil. Av. Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400-Centro,
13560-970, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil, vhpanhoca@msn.com.
Low-level
laser therapy (LLLT) has been widely applied in pain relief in several
clinical situations, including temporomandibular disorders (TMD).
However, the effects of LED therapy on TMD has not been investigated.
This study aims to evaluate the effects of red and infrared LEDs
on: (1) tissue temperature in ex vivo and (2) pain relief and mandibular
range of motion in patients with TMD. Thirty patients between 18
and 40 years old were included and randomly assigned to three groups.
The two experimental groups were: the red LED (630 +/- 10 nm) group
and the infrared LED (850 +/- 10 nm) group. The irradiation parameters
were 150 mW, 300 mW/cm2, 18 J/cm2, and 9 J/point. The positive control
group received an infrared laser (780 nm) with 70 mW, 1.7 W/cm2,
105 J/cm2, and 4.2 J/point. LED and laser therapies were applied
bilaterally to the face for 60 s/point. Five points were irradiated:
three points around the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), one point
for the temporalis, and one near the masseter. Eight sessions of
phototherapy were performed, twice a week for 4 weeks. Pain induced
by palpating the masseter muscle and mandibular range of motion
(maximum oral aperture) were measured at baseline, immediately after
treatment, 7 days after treatment, and 30 days after treatment.
There was an increase in tissue temperature during both the red
and the infrared LED irradiation in ex vivo. There was a significant
reduction of pain and increase of the maximum oral aperture for
all groups (p >/= 0.05). There was no significant difference
in pain scores and maximum oral aperture between groups at baseline
or any periods after treatment (p >/= 0.05). The current study
showed that red and infrared LED therapy can be useful in improving
outcomes related to pain relief and orofacial function for TMD patients.
We conclude that LED devices constitute an attractive alternative
for LLLT.
Lasers
Med Sci 2013 Oct 3
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Clinical
evaluation of low-power laser and a desensitizing agent on dentin
hypersensitivity.
Lopes AO, de Paula Eduardo C, Aranha AC
Special
Laboratory of Lasers (LELO), Department of Restorative Dentistry,
School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes,
2227, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05580-900, Brazil, anelyol@gmail.com.
The
aim of this randomized, longitudinal clinical study was to evaluate
different protocols for dentin hypersensitivity treatment with low-power
laser at different dosages, desensitizing agent, and associations,
for a period of 6 months. After analysis of the inclusion and exclusion
criteria of volunteer participants, those who present pain resulting
from non-carious cervical lesions were selected. Twenty-seven patients
participated in the study, and 55 lesions were recorded. The lesions
were divided into five groups (n = 11), treated, and evaluated:
G1: Gluma Desensitizer (Heraeus); G2: low-power laser (Photon Lase,
DMC) at low dose (three vestibular points and one apical point of
irradiation: 30 mW, 10 J/cm2, 9 s per point with wavelength of 810
nm), three sessions were performed with an interval of 72 h between
them; G3: low-power laser at high dose (application at one cervical
and one apical point: 100 mW, 90 J/cm2, 11 s per point with wavelength
of 810 nm), three sessions were performed with an interval of 72
h between irradiations; G4: low-power laser at low dose + Gluma
Desensitizer; and G5: low-power laser at high dose + Gluma Desensitizer,
the level of sensitivity of each volunteer was evaluated with a
visual analog scale of pain (VAS) with the use of air from a triple
syringe and exploration with a probe after time intervals of 5 min,
1 week, and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Data were collected
and subjected to statistical analysis. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was
used to verify the distribution of the data, and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis
and Friedman tests were performed for comparison among the experimental
groups and time intervals studied, respectively. Statistically significant
differences between the studied time intervals (p < 0.05) were
detected. From the difference in pain, it was observed that for
both stimuli, the protocol with the Gluma desensitizing agent presented
immediate effects of pain reduction. For low-level lasers, it was
observed that there were distinct effects for the different doses;
however, both were efficient in reducing pain up to the 6 months
of clinical follow-up. Therefore, it could be concluded that all
the desensitizing protocols were effective in reducing dentin hypersensitivity,
but with different effects. The combination of protocols is an interesting
alternative in the treatment of cervical dentin hypersensitivity.
Lasers
Med Sci 2013 Oct
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Treatment
of refractory venous stasis ulcers with autologous platelet-rich
plasma and light-emitting diodes: a pilot study.
Park KY, Kim IS, Yeo IK, Kim BJ, Kim MN
Department
of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul,
South Korea.
BACKGROUND:
Stasis dermatitis with secondary ulcer formation is not only therapeutically
challenging but also significantly decreases the quality of life
for affected individuals. Recently, autologous platelet-rich plasma
(PRP) has entered the therapeutic regimen for leg ulcers, while
light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are now used to accelerate wound healing.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of autologous PRP with
concomitant LED therapy for the treatment of venous stasis dermatitis
with secondary ulceration. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In total, 16 Korean
patients with ulcers secondary to venous stasis dermatitis were
enrolled in this study. Each lesion was treated with autologous
PRP weakly, and LED therapy three times per week. Treatments continued
for 6 weeks or until the ulcer completely reepithelialized without
evidence of drainage. Not only were subjects objectively evaluated
by a study investigator, their own subjective satisfaction was also
assessed. RESULTS: The combined autologous PRP and LED therapy was
well tolerated and safe. A statistically significant improvement
was observed post-therapeutically in the clinical parameters of
pain, itching, heaviness, paresthesia, cramps, and leg swelling.
There was also a significant decrease in ulcer size. None of the
patients showed worsening of their venous stasis ulcer. Regarding
subject satisfaction with the regimen, 75.0% of participants reported
being satisfied or very satisfied with their overall
improvement after treatment. No significant adverse effects were
observed. CONCLUSION: Combined autologous PRP and LED therapy is
a promising conservative combination regimen for treating recalcitrant
ulcerating stasis dermatitis. Additional studies comparing combined
autologous PRP and LED therapy directly with autologous PRP or LED
monotherapies are needed to confirm the results reported here.
J
Dermatolog Treat 2013 Oct 24(5) 332-5
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Light-emitting
diode phototherapy improves muscle recovery after a damaging exercise.
Borges LS, Cerqueira MS, Dos Santos Rocha
JA, Conrado LA, Machado M, Pereira R, Neto OP
Department
of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB),
Jequie, 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil.
The
goal of the present study was to determine the effect of light-emitting
diode phototherapy (LEDT) at 630 nm on muscle recovery after a damaging
eccentric exercise bout. Seventeen healthy young male volunteers,
without previous experience with eccentric exercise, were included
in a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. They were
divided into a LEDT (n = 8) and a PLACEBO group (n = 9). To induce
muscle damage, subjects performed 30 eccentric contractions with
a load of 100 % of maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength
of the elbow flexors of the non-dominant arm. LEDT group subjects
received biceps brachii phototherapy (lambda 630 nm; total energy
density, 20.4 J/cm2) immediately after the exercise bout. The LEDT
in the placebo group was aimed at the muscle, but it remained turned
off. Isometric muscle strength, muscle soreness, and elbow range
of motion (ROM) were measured before and at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h
the after eccentric exercise bout and compared between groups. Our
results showed that the muscle soreness, muscle strength loss, and
ROM impairments were significantly reduced up to 96 h after a damaging
eccentric exercise bout for the LEDT group compared with the PLACEBO
group. A single LEDT (630 nm) intervention immediately after a damaging
eccentric exercise bout was effective in terms of attenuating the
muscle soreness and muscle strength loss and ROM impairments.
Lasers
Med Sci 2013 Nov 21
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GENERAL
RESEARCH
Photomedicine:
the early years.
Moore KC
Former
Consultant Anaesthetist and Director Pain & Laser Therapy Clinic,
The Royal Oldham Haspital , Oldham, UK ; Medical Director and Chief
Executive, Dr Kershaws Hospice, Oldham, UK; and Honorary Treasurer
and Member of Executive Council, World Association for Laser Therapy.
Photomed
Laser Surg 2013 Dec 31(12) 563-4
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The
effectiveness of physiotherapeutic interventions in treatment of
frozen shoulder/adhesive capsulitis: A systematic review.
Jain TK, Sharma NK
Department
of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas
Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
BACKGROUND
AND OBJECTIVE: Frozen shoulder is a common condition, yet its treatment
remains challenging. In this review, the current best evidence for
the use of physical therapy interventions (PTI) is evaluated.METHOD:
MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, PEDro, ProQuest, Science Direct, and
Sport Discus were searched for studies published in English since
2000. RESULTS: 39 articles describing the PTI were analyzed using
Sacketts levels of evidence and were examined for scientific
rigor. The PTI were given grades of recommendation that ranged from
A to C. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic exercises and mobilization are
strongly recommended for reducing pain, improving range of motion
(ROM) and function in patients with stages 2 and 3 of frozen shoulder.
Low-level laser therapy is strongly suggested for pain relief and
moderately suggested for improving function but not recommended
for improving ROM. Corticosteroid injections can be used for stage
1 frozen shoulder. Acupuncture with therapeutic exercises is moderately
recommended for pain relief, improving ROM and function. Electro-
therapy can help in providing short-term pain relief. Continuous
passive motion is recommended for short-term pain relief but not
for improving ROM or function. Deep heat can be used for pain relief
and improving ROM. Ultrasound for pain relief, improving ROM or
function is not recommended.
J
Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2013 Nov 27
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Subacromial
impingement syndromeeffectiveness of physiotherapy and manual
therapy.
Gebremariam L, Hay EM, van der Sande R, Rinkel
WD, Koes BW, Huisstede BM
Department
of General Practice, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
BACKGROUND:
The subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) includes the rotator
cuff syndrome, tendonitis and bursitis of the shoulder. Treatment
includes surgical and non-surgical modalities. Non-surgical treatment
is used to reduce pain, to decrease the subacromial inflammation,
to heal the compromised rotator cuff and to restore satisfactory
function of the shoulder. To select the most appropriate non-surgical
intervention and to identify gaps in scientific knowledge, we explored
the effectiveness of the interventions used, concentrating on the
effectiveness of physiotherapy and manual therapy. METHODS: The
Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, PEDro and CINAHL were searched
for relevant systematic reviews and randomised clinical trials (RCTs).
Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the methodological
quality. A best-evidence synthesis was used to summarise the results.
RESULTS: Two reviews and 10 RCTs were included. One RCT studied
manual therapy as an add-on therapy to self-training. All other
studies studied the effect of physiotherapy: effectiveness of exercise
therapy, mobilisation as an add-on therapy to exercises, ultrasound,
laser and pulsed electromagnetic field. Moderate evidence was found
for the effectiveness of hyperthermia compared to exercise therapy
or ultrasound in the short term. Hyperthermia and exercise therapy
were more effective in comparison to controls or placebo in the
short term (moderate evidence). For the effectiveness of hyperthermia,
no midterm or long-term results were studied. In the midterm, exercise
therapy gave the best results (moderate evidence) compared to placebo
or controls. For other interventions, conflicting, limited or no
evidence was found. CONCLUSIONS: Some physiotherapeutic treatments
seem to be promising (moderate evidence) to treat SIS, but more
research is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.
Br
J Sports Med 2013 Nov 11
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Effect
of low-level laser stimulation on EEG power in normal subjects with
closed eyes.
Wu JH, Chang YC
Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Ming Chuan University, No. 5 Deming Road,
Guishan Township, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan.
In
a previous study, we found that the low-level laser (LLL) stimulation
at the palm with a frequency of 10 Hz was able to induce significant
brain activation in normal subjects with opened eyes. However, the
electroencephalography (EEG) changes to LLL stimulation in subjects
with closed eyes have not been studied. In the present study, the
laser array stimulator was applied to deliver insensible laser stimulations
to the palm of the tested subjects with closed eyes (the laser group).
The EEG activities before, during, and after the laser stimulation
were collected. The EEG amplitude powers of each EEG frequency band
at 19 locations were calculated. These power data were then analyzed
by SPSS software using repeated-measure ANOVAs and appropriate posthoc
tests. We found a pronounced decrease in the EEG power in alpha-bandwidth
during laser simulation and then less decrease in the EEG power
in delta-bandwidth in normal subjects with laser stimulation. The
EEG power in beta-bandwidth in the right occipital area also decreased
significantly in the laser group. We suggest that LLL stimulation
might be conducive to falling into sleep in patients with sleep
problems.
Evid
Based Complement Alternat Med 2013 2013 476565
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Efficacy
of Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Management of Tinnitus due to
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.
Mollasadeghi A, Mirmohammadi SJ, Mehrparvar
AH, Davari MH, Shokouh P, Mostaghaci M, Baradaranfar MH, Bahaloo
M
Department
of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University
of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 89138-14389, Yazd, Iran.
Background.
Several remedial modalities for the treatment of tinnitus have been
proposed, but an effective standard treatment is still to be confirmed.
In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of low-level
laser therapy on tinnitus accompanied by noise-induced hearing loss.
Methods. This was a double-blind randomized clinical trial on subjects
suffering from tinnitus accompanied by noise-induced hearing loss.
The study intervention was 20 sessions of low-level laser therapy
every other day, 20 minutes each session. Tinnitus was assessed
by three methods (visual analog scale, tinnitus handicap inventory,
and tinnitus loudness) at baseline, immediately and 3 months after
the intervention. Results. All subjects were male workers with age
range of 30-51 years. The mean tinnitus duration was 1.85 +/- 0.78
years. All three measurement methods have shown improved values
after laser therapy compared with the placebo both immediately and
3 months after treatment. Laser therapy revealed a U-shaped efficacy
throughout the course of follow-up. Nonresponse rate of the intervention
was 57% and 70% in the two assessment time points, respectively.
Conclusion. This study found low-level laser therapy to be effective
in alleviating tinnitus in patients with noise-induced hearing loss,
although this effect has faded after 3 months of follow-up. This
trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand clinical trials
registry with identifier ACTRN12612000455864).
ScientificWorldJournal
2013 2013 596076
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Can
osteoarthritis be treated with light?
Hamblin MR
Osteoarthritis
is becoming more problematic as the population ages. Recent reports
suggest that the benefit of anti-inflammatory drugs is unimpressive
and the incidence of side effects is worrying. Low-level laser (light)
therapy (LLLT) is an alternative approach with no known side effects
and with reports of substantial therapeutic efficacy in osteoarthritis.
In this issue of Arthritis Research & Therapy, Alves and colleagues
used a rat model of osteoarthritis produced by intra-articular injection
of the cartilage-degrading enzyme papain to test 810-nm LLLT. A
single application of LLLT produced significant reductions in inflammatory
cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokines 24 hours later. A lower
laser power was more effective than a higher laser power. However,
more work is necessary before the title question can be answered
in the affirmative.
Arthritis
Res Ther 2013 15(5) 120
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A
Controlled Trial to Determine the Efficacy of Red and Near-Infrared
Light Treatment in Patient Satisfaction, Reduction of Fine Lines,
Wrinkles, Skin Roughness, and Intradermal Collagen Density Increase.
Wunsch A, Matuschka K
1
Medical Light Consulting , Heidelberg, Germany .
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety
and efficacy of two novel light sources for large area and full
body application, providing polychromatic, non-thermal photobiomodulation
(PBM) for improving skin feeling and appearance. Background data:
For non-thermal photorejuvenation, laser and LED light sources have
been demonstrated to be safe and effective. However, lasers and
LEDs may offer some disadvantages because of dot-shaped (punctiform)
emission characteristics and their narrow spectral bandwidths. Because
the action spectra for tissue regeneration and repair consist of
more than one wavelength, we investigated if it is favorable to
apply a polychromatic spectrum covering a broader spectral region
for skin rejuvenation and repair. Materials and methods: A total
of 136 volunteers participated in this prospective, randomized,
and controlled study. Of these volunteers, 113 subjects randomly
assigned into four treatment groups were treated twice a week with
either 611-650 or 570-850 nm polychromatic light (normalized to
approximately 9 J/cm2 in the range of 611-650 nm) and were compared
with controls (n=23). Irradiances and treatment durations varied
in all treatment groups. The data collected at baseline and after
30 sessions included blinded evaluations of clinical photography,
ultrasonographic collagen density measurements, computerized digital
profilometry, and an assessment of patient satisfaction. Results:
The treated subjects experienced significantly improved skin complexion
and skin feeling, profilometrically assessed skin roughness, and
ultrasonographically measured collagen density. The blinded clinical
evaluation of photographs confirmed significant improvement in the
intervention groups compared with the control. Conclusions: Broadband
polychromatic PBM showed no advantage over the red-light-only spectrum.
However, both novel light sources that have not been previously
used for PBM have demonstrated efficacy and safety for skin rejuvenation
and intradermal collagen increase when compared with controls.
Photomed
Laser Surg 2013 Nov 28
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Low-dose
laser acupuncture for non-specific chronic low back pain: a double-blind
randomised controlled trial.
Glazov G, Yelland M, Emery J
School
of Primary, Aboriginal and Rural Health Care, University of Western
Australia, , Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
OBJECTIVE:
To determine if infrared laser acupuncture (LA) may have a specific
effect in reducing pain and disability in treatment of chronic low
back pain (LBP). METHODS: This was a double-blind sham laser controlled
trial performed in general practices in Perth, Western Australia.
The participants were 144 adults with chronic non-specific LBP.
They were randomised to receive eight once-weekly treatments. Laser
machines (20 mW, 840 nm diode, power density 0.1 W/cm2) stimulated
points in three treatment groups: sham (0 joules/point), low dose
(0.2 J/point) and high dose (0.8 joules/point). Participants were
followed-up at 1 and 6 weeks, and 6 and 12 months post treatment.
Primary outcomes were pain (Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS))
and disability (Oswestry Disability Inventory (ODI)) at 6 weeks
post treatment. Secondary outcomes included numerical rating scale
for limitation of activity, global assessment of improvement, analgesic
usage and adverse effects after treatment. RESULTS: The analysis
showed no difference between sham and the laser groups at 6 weeks
for pain or disability. There was a significant reduction in mean
pain and disability in all groups at 6 weeks (p<0.005); NPRS:
sham (-1.5 (95% CI -2.1 to -0.8)), low dose (-1.3 (-2.0 to -0.8)),
high dose (-1.1 (-1.7 to -0.5)). ODI: sham (-4.0 (-7.1 to -1.0)),
low dose (-4.1, (-6.7 to -1.5)), high dose (-2.6 (-5.7 to 0.5)).
All secondary outcomes also showed clinical improvement over time
but with no differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: LA using energy
density range (0-4 J/cm2) for the treatment of chronic non-specific
LBP resulted in clinical improvement unrelated to laser stimulation.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.anzctr.org.au ACTRN12610000043033.
Acupunct
Med 2013 Dec 18
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Preliminary
results of pinpoint plantar long-wavelength infrared light irradiation
on blood glucose, insulin and stress hormones in patients with type
2 diabetes mellitus.
Ryotokuji K, Ishimaru K, Kihara K, Namiki
Y, Hozumi N
Faculty
of Health Sciences, Ryotokuji University, Urayasu, Japan.
Background
and aims: This study was aimed at the development of a novel noninvasive
treatment system, pinpoint plantar long-wavelength infrared
light irradiation (PP-LILI), which may be able to relieve
mental stress and normalize blood glucose level via the reduction
of stress hormones in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
(DM) patients. MATERIALS (SUBJECTS) AND METHODS: Based on this hypothesis,
the present study was undertaken to examine effects of PP-LILI on
stress hormones (ACTH and cortisol), blood glucose, HbA1c, and insulin
levels in 10 patients with type 2 DM. Each patient received PP-LILI
of the foot for 15 minutes once weekly using a stress free apparatus
(infrared wavelength, 9,000-12,000 nm/power 30 mW). Results: In
response to this therapy, ACTH (P<0.01) and cortisol (P<0.05)
levels decreased significantly. Fasting blood glucose (P<0.05)
and insulin (P<0.05) levels also decreased significantly along
with a tendency for HbA1c to decrease. Conclusions: The present
data raise the possibility that PP-LILI can normalize blood glucose
levels by reducing stress hormones such as cortisol, which aggravate
DM, and by improving insulin sensitivity, thereby contributing to
prevention and treatment of DM.
Laser
Ther 2013 22(3) 209-14
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Long-term
effect of high-intensity laser therapy in the treatment of patients
with chronic low back pain: a randomized blinded placebo-controlled
trial.
Alayat MS, Atya AM, Ali MM, Shosha TM
Basic
Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University,
7 Ahmed Elziat Street from Eltahrir Street, Cairo, Egypt, mohsalahpt@hotmail.com.
The
aim of this study was to compare the effect of high-intensity laser
therapy (HILT), alone or combined with exercise, in the treatment
of chronic low back pain (CLBP). A total of 72 male patients participated
in this study, with a mean (SD) age of 32.81 (4.48) years. Patients
were randomly assigned into three groups and treated with HILT plus
exercise (HILT + EX), placebo laser plus exercise (PL + EX), and
HILT alone in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The outcomes measured
were lumbar range of motion (ROM), pain level by visual analog scale
(VAS), and functional disability by both the Roland Disability Questionnaire
(RDQ) and the Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ).
Statistical analyses were performed to compare the differences between
baseline and post-treatment measurements. The level of statistical
significance was set as P < 0.05. ROM significantly increased
after 4 weeks of treatment in all groups, then significantly decreased
after 12 weeks of follow-up, but was still significantly more than
the baseline value in groups 1 and 2. VAS, RDQ, and MODQ results
showed significant decrease post-treatment in all groups, although
the RDQ and MODQ results were not significantly different between
groups 2 and 3. HILT combined with exercise appears to be more effective
in patients with CLBP than either HLLT alone or placebo laser with
exercise.
Lasers
Med Sci 2013 Nov 2
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The
use of infrared radiation in the treatment of skin laxity.
Felici M, Gentile P, De Angelis B, Puccio
L, Puglisi A, Felici A, Delogu P, Cervelli V
San
Camillo Hospital, Plastic Surgery , Rome , Italy.
Background:
Cosmetic surgery and medicine are extremely interesting fields for
a plastic surgeon. Lasers and lights determine ablation, contraction
and regenerating stimulus in skin tissues. The aim of this study
is to examine the use of infrared lights in treating facial and
body skin laxity. Methods: Between 2007 and 2011, in the Department
of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the Hospital San Camillo-Forlanini,
303 patients were enrolled in the study and underwent laser therapy.
The laser operates in wavelength from 1100 to 1800 nm. The treated
areas are: face, neck, eyebrows, abdomen, legs and buttocks. Results:
We have noticed no systemic complications. A case of a patient with
a three days lasting erythema on both lower eyelids caused by laser
therapy healed without any pharmacological therapy. Neither hyper-
nor hypopigmentation of the skin was found. The satisfaction degree
of patients has been: facial, neck and eyebrow lifting very
satisfactory for 70% of the patients, satisfactory
for 10%, unsatisfactory for 20%; for the other areas
it was very satisfactory for 40%, satisfactory
for 20% and unsatisfactory for 40%. Conclusion: The
use of infrared radiation represents a valid alternative to surgical
lifting, but cannot replace it. The infrared light technique used
has turned out to be useful in contrasting skin laxity of the face
and other parts of the body. The absence of scars and surgical risk
makes this technique useable for a large number of patients.
J
Cosmet Laser Ther 2013 Dec 14
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Efficacy
observation of carpal tunnel syndrome treated with electroacupuncture.
Xia Q, Liu XW, Wang XL, Tao Y
Rehabilitation
Department of TCM, First Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University
Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
OBJECTIVE:
To explore the impacts of electroacupuncture on median nerve conduction
velocity and morphology in patients of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
and evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture on CTS. METHODS:
Thirty cases of CTS were treated with electroacupuncture at Quchi
(LI 11), Yangchi (TE 4), Shousanli (LI 10), Neiguan (PC 6) and Hegu
(LI 4) on the affected side, combined with semiconductor laser irradiation
at Shenmen (HT 7) and Yangxi (LI 5) on the affected side. The improvements
in the symptoms and changes in nerve conduction velocity and ultrasound
morphology were observed before and after treatment. RESULT: The
clinical total effective rate was 96.7% (29/30). The median nerve
conduction velocity was accelerated apparently and the amplitude
was increased after treatment as compared with those before treatment,
indicating the statistically significant difference (all P<0.001).
The distal motor latency was shortened apparently (P<0.001) and
the motor amplitude had no apparent change (P>0.05). The proximal
median nerve swelling was relieved apparently after treatment (P<0.05)
and the effective rate was 36.7% (11/30). There was no apparent
difference in the ratio of the vertical and horizontal diameters
of carpal tunnel after treatment as compared with that before treatment
(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture presents the positive
repair function to the median nerve in the patients of CTS. It can
effectively alleviate inflammatory reaction and relieve ischemia
and swelling of nerve fibers. And it cannot induce the changes in
morphology in a short term.
Zhongguo
Zhen Jiu 2013 Aug 33(8) 700-2
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Dental
Clinical
evaluation of two desensitizing treatments in southern Brazil: A
3-month follow-up.
Lund RG, Silva AF, Piva E, Da Rosa WL, Heckmann
SS, Demarco FF
Department
of Restorative Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty
of Dentistry.
OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two
treatments for dentin hypersensitivity in vivo during 90 days of
follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 117 teeth
(13 patients) that were divided into three groups: control with
carbomer 940 gel (n = 32) (placebo treatment), 2% sodium fluoride
gel (n = 31) and low-level infrared diode laser (n = 54). Prior
to the desensitizing treatment, the dentin hypersensitivity status
of each tooth was assessed by an evaporative stimulus; the patients
response was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and
by counting the Exposure Time to Air Blast (ETAB) with a dental
air syringe. Re-evaluations of the treatments occurred after 5 min,
7, 15, 30 and 90 days. The statistical analysis was performed using
the Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman test, one-way ANOVA, Tukeys
test and Spearmans rank correlation (alpha = 5%). RESULTS:
No significant differences were observed among the low-level laser,
2% topical fluoride and carbomer 940 gel applications. When the
methods of evaluation (VAS and ETAB) were compared, there was no
difference among the groups with respect to the values for every
period of evaluation (p < 0.001), verifying that the scores obtained
with the VAS decreased at the same proportion as the remaining time
of ETAB increased. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that both tested
therapies were efficacious in controlling painful symptoms associated
with dentin hypersensitivity over the entire 90-day follow-up period.
The treatments were able to reduce the painful symptoms caused by
dentin hypersensitivity, including placebo.
Acta
Odontol Scand 2013 Nov 71(6) 1469-74
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Effect
of low-level laser therapy on the post-surgical inflammatory process
after third molar removal: study protocol for a double-blind randomized
controlled trial.
Oliveira Sierra S, Melo Deana A, Agnelli Mesquita
Ferrari R, Maia Albarello P, Kalil Bussadori S, Porta Santos Fernandes
K
BACKGROUND:
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown to modulate the inflammatory
process without adverse effects , by reducing pain and swelling
and promoting the repair of damaged tissues. Because pain, swelling
and muscle spasm are complications found in virtually all patients
following oral surgery for the removal of impacted teeth, this model
has been widely used to evaluate the effects of LLLT on the inflammatory
process involving bone and, connective tissue and the muscles involved
in mastication. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the
effectiveness of LLLT in reducing pain, swelling and muscle spasm
resulting from the removal of impacted lower third molars and evaluate
the effects of surgery on patients quality of life of patients
(QOL).Methods/design: After meeting the eligibility criteria, 60
patients treated at a Specialty Dental Center for the removal of
impacted lower third molars will be randomly divided into five groups
according to the type of laser therapy used at the end of surgery
(intraoral irradiation with 660 nm laser; extraoral irradiation
with 660 nm laser; intraoral irradiation with 808 nm laser; extraoral
irradiation with 808 nm laser and no irradiation). To ensure that
patients are blinded to the type of treatment they are receiving,
the hand piece of the laser apparatus will be applied both intraorally
and extraorally to all participants, but the device will be turned
on only at the appropriate time, as determined by the randomization
process. At 2 and 7 days after surgery, the patients will be evaluated
by three blinded evaluators who will measure of swelling, mouth
opening (muscle spasm evaluation) and pain (using two different
pain scales). The 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) will
be used to assess QOL. All data will be analyzed with respect to
the normality of distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Statistically
significant differences between the experimental groups will be
determined using analysis of variance, followed by a suitable post
hoc test, when necessary. The significance level will be set at
alpha = 0.05. DISCUSSION: The lack of standardization in studies
with regard to the samples, methods and LLLT parameters complicates
the determination of the actual effect of laser therapy on this
model. The present study aims to provide a randomized, controlled,
double-blind trial to compare four different LLLT parameters in
relation to the outcomes of pain, swelling and muscle spasm following
surgery for the extraction of impacted third molars.Trial registration:
Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials Rebec (RBR-6XSB5H).
Trials
2013 Nov 6 14(1) 373
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Role
of nitric oxide in responses of pial arterial vessels to low-intensity
red laser irradiation.
Gorshkova OP, Shuvaeva VN, Dvoretsky DP
I.
P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences,
St. Petersburg, Russia. vshuv@kolt.infran.ru.
The
responses of rat pial vessels to red laser irradiation can be mediated
by NO. NO mainly affects major arteries and did not contribute to
reactivity of small pial arteries and precortical arterioles.
Bull
Exp Biol Med 2013 Aug 155(5) 598-600
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High-intensity
Nd:YAG laser accelerates bone regeneration in calvarial defect models.
Kim K, Kim IS, Cho TH, Seo YK, Hwang SJ
New
York Seoul Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
High-power
pulsed lasers have been recently regarded to be anabolic to bone,
but in vivo evidence is still lacking. This study aimed to investigate
the capacity of bone repair using a high-power, Q-switched, pulsed,
neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, using bilateral
calvarial defect models having non-critical sized, 5 mm (rat) or
8 mm (rabbit) diameter. One of the bilateral defects, which were
all filled with collagen sponge or left empty, was irradiated with
a Nd:YAG laser once every 2 days for 2 weeks at a constant total
fluence rate (344 J/cm2 ), output power (0.75 W), pulse repetition
rate (15 pps) and wavelength (1064 nm) and examined for the laser
effect. The same experimental scheme was designed using a rabbit
calvarial defect model implanted with sponge, which was explored
for the dose effect of output power at 0.75 and 3 W with the same
quantities of the other parameters. New bone formation was evaluated
by micro-computed tomography-based analysis and histological observation
at 4 weeks after surgery. Laser irradiation significantly increased
new bone formation by approximately 45%, not only in the sponge-filled
defects of rats but also when the defects were left empty, compared
to the non-irradiated group. Consistently, both doses of output
power (0.75 and 3 W) enhanced new bone formation, but there was
no significant difference between the two doses. This study is one
of the first to demonstrate the beneficial effect of Nd:YAG lasers
on the regeneration of bone defects which were left empty or filled
with collagen sponge, suggesting its great potential in postoperative
treatment targeting local bone healing. Copyright (c) 2013 John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
J
Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013 Nov 19
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Effect
of near-infrared light exposure on mitochondrial signaling in CC
muscle cells.
Nguyen LM, Malamo AG, Larkin-Kaiser KA, Borsa
PA, Adhihetty PJ
Department
of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville,
FL 32611, United States. Electronic address: padhihetty@hhp.ufl.edu.
Near-infrared
(NIR) light is a complementary therapy used to treat musculoskeletal
injuries but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Acute NIR light
treatment (~800-950nm; 22.8J/cm2) induced a dose-dependent increase
in mitochondrial signaling (AMPK, p38 MAPK) in differentiated muscle
cells. Repeated NIR light exposure (4days) appeared to elevate oxidative
stress and increase the upstream mitochondrial regulatory proteins
AMPK (3.1-fold), p38 (2.8-fold), PGC-1alpha (19.7%), Sirt1 (26.8%),
and reduced RIP140 (23.2%), but downstream mitochondrial regulation/content
(Tfam, NRF-1, Sirt3, cytochrome c, ETC subunits) was unaltered.
Our data indicates that NIR light alters mitochondrial biogenesis
signaling and may represent a mechanistic link to the clinical benefits.
Mitochondrion
2013 Nov 15
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Layer-specific
modulation of neuronal excitability by 660-nm laser irradiation
in mouse neocortex.
Kumazaki K, Mieda T, Kogure S, Kawai H
Department
of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University,
1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8577, Japan.
It
has been reported that laser light irradiation (LLI) could regulate
neuronal activities in the forebrain, but little is known if and
how LLI in the red wavelength range affects neuronal excitability.
Here, we investigated the effects of a continuous diode laser at
660 nm on intrinsic membrane properties and excitability of presumed
pyramidal neurons in the thalamocortical input layer (layer 3/4)
and in layer 5 of mouse primary auditory cortex using the whole-cell
patch-clamp recording technique. In layer 3/4 neurons, 660-nm laser
irradiation (LLI-660) at 20 mW for 5 min gradually increased resting
membrane potentials, which reached a plateau after irradiation.
Concomitantly, LLI-660 decreased onset latency of first action potentials
(spikes) without changing spike threshold or peak amplitude, but
increased inter-spike interval of initial bursting spike doublets
and their peak amplitude ratio. None of these changes was observed
in layer 5 neurons. Instead, LLI-660 at 20 mW rapidly reduced spike
width ~5 % within 1 min of irradiation onset. The magnitude of this
reduction did not change during 5 or 10 min irradiation, and returned
quickly to at least baseline levels after turning the LLI off. Decreasing
laser power to 10 mW reduced spike width to a lesser extent, suggesting
laser power dependence of this phenomenon. These data suggest that
LLI-660 regulates different aspects of neuronal excitability in
cortical neurons in a layer-dependent manner possibly by affecting
different voltage-gated ion channels.
Lasers
Med Sci 2013 Nov 14
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Regulation
of Na /K -ATPase by neuron-specific transcription factor Sp4: implication
in the tight coupling of energy production, neuronal activity and
energy consumption in neurons.
Johar K, Priya A, Wong-Riley MT
Department
of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin,
8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
A
major source of energy demand in neurons is the Na+ /K+ -ATPase
pump that restores the ionic gradient across the plasma membrane
subsequent to depolarizing neuronal activity. The energy comes primarily
from mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, of which cytochrome c oxidase
(COX) is a key enzyme. Recently, we found that all 13 subunits of
COX are regulated by specificity (Sp) factors, and that the neuron-specific
Sp4, but not Sp1 or Sp3, regulates the expression of key glutamatergic
receptor subunits as well. The present study sought to test our
hypothesis that Sp4 also regulates Na+ /K+ -ATPase subunit genes
in neurons. By means of multiple approaches, including in silico
analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays,
chromatin immunoprecipitation, promoter mutational analysis, over-expression,
and RNA interference studies, we found that Sp4, with minor contributions
from Sp1 and Sp3, functionally regulate the Atp1a1, Atp1a3, and
Atp1b1 subunit genes of Na+ /K+ -ATPase in neurons. Transcripts
of all three genes were up-regulated by depolarizing KCl stimulation
and down-regulated by the impulse blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX), indicating
that their expression was activity-dependent. Silencing of Sp4 blocked
the up-regulation of these genes induced by KCl, whereas over-expression
of Sp4 rescued them from TTX-induced suppression. The effect of
silencing or over-expressing Sp4 on primary neurons was much greater
than those of Sp1 or Sp3. The binding sites of Sp factors on these
genes are conserved among mice, rats and humans. Thus, Sp4 plays
an important role in the transcriptional coupling of energy generation
and energy consumption in neurons.
Eur
J Neurosci 2013 Nov 12
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Nanoparticle-emitted
light attenuates amyloid-beta-induced superoxide and inflammation
in astrocytes.
Bungart BL, Dong L, Sobek D, Sun GY, Yao G,
Lee JC
Department
of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
Alzheimers
disease (AD) is the sixth leading cause of age-related death with
no effective intervention yet available. Our previous studies have
demonstrated the potential efficacy of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT)
in AD cell models by mitigating amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta)-induced
oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the penetration depth
of light is still the major challenge for implementing LLLT in animal
models and in the clinical settings. In this study, we present the
potential of applying Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer
to Quantum Dots (BRET-Qdots) as an alternative near infrared (NIR)
light source for LLLT. Our results show that BRET-Qdot-emitted NIR
suppresses Abeta-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses
in primary rat astrocytes. These data provide a proof of concept
for a nanomedicine platform for LLLT.
Nanomedicine
2013 Nov 4
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Phototherapy
with artificial light suppresses dextran sulfate sodium-induced
colitis in a mouse model.
Hiratsuka T, Inomata M, Goto S, Oyama Y, Nakano
T, Chen CL, Shiraishi N, Noguchi T, Kitano S
Department
of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty
of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
BACKGROUND
AND AIM: Medical treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
requires chronic administration and causes side effects. Recently,
anti-inflammatory effects of phototherapy were reported in animal
models. The present study evaluated whether phototherapy improves
dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in a mouse model of
IBD. METHODS: Mice were divided into four equal groups: Control,
DSS, DSS + light low (LL), and DSS + light high (LH) groups. Normal
fluorescent light intensity in the Control and DSS groups was 200
lux. Artificial light intensities were as follows: DSS + LL group,
1000 lux; DSS + LH group, 2500 lux. After administering phototherapy
for 7 days, we evaluated disease activity index (DAI), histological
score, colon length/weight, serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) level,
and serum and colonic cytokines in the mice. RESULTS: DAI and histological
scores were significantly lower in the DSS + LL group than in the
DSS group (both, P <0.05). Colon length and weight were significantly
higher in the DSS + LL group than in the DSS group (both, P <0.05).
Serum interleukin (IL)-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-17 in the DSS + LL group
were significantly lower and serum and colonic IL-10 were significantly
higher in the DSS + LL group than in the DSS group (all, P <0.05).
Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) levels in the DSS + LH group were
significantly increased compared with those in the DSS + LL and
DSS groups. CONCLUSIONS: Artificial light phototherapy suppressed
DSS-induced colitis in mice by suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines
and promotion of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
J
Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013 Nov 15
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Evaluation
of anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of low-level
laser therapy on temporomandibular joint inflammation in rodents.
Barretto SR, de Melo GC, Dos Santos JC, de
Oliveira MG, Pereira-Filho RN, Alves AV, Ribeiro MA, Lima-Verde
IB, Quintans Junior LJ, de Albuquerque-Junior RL, Bonjardim LR
Tiradentes
University, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolandia, CEP 49030-490, Aracaju/SE,
Brazil. Electronic address: nanaestetica@yahoo.com.br.
The
aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory
activity of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the nociceptive behavioral
as well as histomorphological aspects induced by injection of formalin
and carrageenan into the rat temporomandibular joint. The 2.5% formalin
injection (FRG group) induced behavioral responses characterized
by rubbing the orofacial region and flinching the head quickly,
which were quantified for 45min. The pretreatment with systemic
administration of diclofenac sodium-DFN group (10mg/kg i.p.) as
well as the irradiation with LLLT infrared (LST group, 780nm, 70mW,
30s, 2.1J, 52.5J/cm(2), GaAlAs) significantly reduced the formalin-induced
nociceptive responses. The 1% carrageenan injection (CRG group)
induced inflammatory responses over the time-course of the study
(24h, and 3 and 7days) characterized by the presence of intense
inflammatory infiltrate rich in neutrophils, scanty areas of liquefactive
necrosis and intense interstitial edema, extensive hemorrhagic areas,
and enlargement of the joint space on the region. The DFN and LST
groups showed an intensity of inflammatory response that was significantly
lower than in CRG group over the time-course of the study, especially
in the LST group, which showed exuberant granulation tissue with
intense vascularization, and deposition of newly formed collagen
fibers (3 and 7days). It was concluded that the LLLT presented an
anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory response on the inflammation
induced in the temporomandibular joint of rodents.
J
Photochem Photobiol B 2013 Dec 5 129 135-42
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The
effect of low-level laser irradiation on muscle tension and hardness
compared among three wavelengths.
Yonezu T, Kogure S
Graduate
School of Sports Science, Waseda University, Japan.
Background
and Aims: It has been reported that low-level laser irradiation
(LLLI) can influence muscle tissue by retarding attenuation of muscle
tension. Since the efficacy of LLLI on the effects of muscle contraction
remains unclear, we examined in an in vivo animal model whether
LLLI affects both muscle tension and muscle hardness in a wavelength-dependent
manner, using the rat gastrocnemius muscle. Material and Methods:
Forty Sprague-Dawley adult rats were used. Under pentobarbital sodium
anesthesia, their gastrocnemius muscle and tibial nerve were exteriorized.
Diode LLLI systems delivering 3 wavelengths (405, 532, and 808 nm;
100 mW output) were used. Ten sets of tetanus (tetanic contractions)
were delivered to the tibial nerve followed by a brief rest or LLLI
for 15 s and an additional 7 sets of tetanus with an inter-stimulus
interval of 5 min. The muscle tension and muscle hardness were measured
with a tension transducer and hardness meter, respectively. Results:
405 nm LLLI did not influence either muscle tension or hardness.
532 nm LLLI significantly improved the maintenance of muscle tension
compared with the 808 nm group (P<0.05). In contrast, 808 nm
LLLI significantly improved the recovery from muscle hardness compared
with the other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that
LLLI has wavelength-dependent effects on the gastrocnemius muscle
and LLLI at appropriate wavelengths and dosimetry offers potential
in the treatment to relieve muscle tension or stiffness.
Laser
Ther 2013 22(3) 201-7
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Comparative
analysis of two low-level laser doses on the expression of inflammatory
mediators and on neutrophils and macrophages in acute joint inflammation.
Dos Santos SA, Alves AC, Leal-Junior EC, Albertini
R, Vieira RD, Ligeiro AP, Junior JA, de Carvalho PD
Department
of Physical Therapy, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo,
Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Synovial
membrane inflammation plays an important role in osteoarthritis
(OA) pathophysiology. The synovial tissue of patients with initial
OA is characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration and the production
of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators of joint injury.
The study aims to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy
(LLLT) at doses of 2 and 4 J on joint inflammation in rats induced
by papain through histopathological analysis, differential counts
of inflammatory cells; gene expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10;
and TNF-alpha protein expression. Male Wistar rats (20) were randomly
divided (5 animals each) into a negative control group, an inflammation
injury positive control group, a 2-J LLLT group subjected to injury
and treated with 2 J of LLLT, and a 4-J LLLT group subjected to
injury and treated with 4 J of LLLT. The animals were subjected
to joint inflammation (4 % papain solution) and treated with LLLT.
On the day of euthanasia, articular lavage was collected and centrifuged.
The supernatant was analyzed for TNF-alpha protein expression by
ELISA and IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 mRNA by RT-PCR. The joint tissue
was also examined histologically. ANOVA with Tukeys post hoc
test was used for comparisons. All data were expressed as means
+/- S.D. (p < 0.05). Both laser modalities were efficient in
reducing cellular inflammation and decreasing the expression of
IL-1beta and IL-6. However, the 2-J treatment led to more reduction
in TNF-alpha than the 4-J treatment. A single application of LLLT
with 2 J was more efficient in modulating inflammatory mediators
and inflammatory cells.
Lasers
Med Sci 2013 Oct 31
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Effects
of laser and ozone therapies on bone healing in the calvarial defects.
Kazancioglu HO, Ezirganli S, Aydin MS
From
the *Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry;
and daggerDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem
Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
This
study aims to analyze the effect of the low-level laser therapy
(LLLT) and ozone therapy on the bone healing of critical size defect
(CSD) in rat calvaria. A total of 30 Wistar male rats were used.
A 5-mm-diameter trephine bur was used to create CSD on the right
side of the parietal bone of each rat calvarium. Once the bone was
excised, a synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate graft material was
implanted to all the bone defect sites. The animals were randomly
divided into 3 groups as follows: the control group (n = 10), which
received no LLLT or ozone therapy; the LLLT group (n = 10), which
received only LLLT (120 seconds, 3 times a week for 2 weeks); and
the ozone therapy group (n = 10) (120 seconds, 3 times a week for
2 weeks). After 1 month, all the rats were killed, and the sections
were examined to evaluate the presence of inflammatory infiltrate,
connective tissue, and new bone formation areas. Histomorphometric
analyses showed that in the LLLT and ozone groups, the new bone
areas were significantly higher than in the control group (P <
0.05). In the LLLT group, higher new bone areas were found than
in the ozone group (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that both
ozone and laser therapies had a positive effect on bone formation
in rat calvarial defect, compared with the control group; however,
ozone therapy was more effective than LLLT (808 nm; 0.1 W; 4 J/cm(2);
0.028 cm(2), continuous wave mode).
J
Craniofac Surg 2013 Nov 24(6) 2141-6
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Microfluidic
approach for direct and uniform laser irradiation to study biochemical
state changes on Jurkat-T cells.
Butler SJ, Lee DW, Burney CW, Wigle JC, Choi
TY
University
of North Texas, Department of Physics, 1155 Union Circle, #311427,
Denton, Texas 76203.
We
investigated the potential for using polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic
devices in a biological assay to explore the cellular stress response
(CSR) associated with hyperthermia induced by exposure to laser
radiation. In vitro studies of laser-tissue interaction traditionally
involved exposing a monolayer of cells. Given the heating-cooling
dynamics of the cells and nutrient medium, this technique produces
a characteristic bulls-eye temperature history that
plagues downstream molecular analyses due to the nonuniform thermal
experience of exposed cells. To circumvent this issue, we devised
an approach to deliver single cells to the laser beam using a microfluidic
channel, allowing homogeneous irradiation and collection of sufficient
like-treated cells to measure changes in CSR after laser heating.
To test this approach, we irradiated Jurkat-T cells with a 2-mum-wavelength
laser in one branch of a 100-mum-wide bifurcated channel while unexposed
control cells were simultaneously passing through the other, identical
channel. Cell viability was measured using vital dyes, and expression
of HSPA1A was measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain
reaction. The laser damage threshold was 25 +/- 2 J/cm2, and we
found a twofold increase in expression at that exposure. This approach
may be employed to examine transcriptome-wide/proteome changes and
further comparative work across stressors and cell types.
J
Biomed Opt 2013 Nov 1 18(11) 117004
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Effect
of low-level laser therapy (lambda660 nm) on angiogenesis in wound
healing: a immunohistochemical study in a rodent model.
Colombo F, Neto Ade A, Sousa AP, Marchionni
AM, Pinheiro AL, Reis SR
The
aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the angiogenesis
on dorsal cutaneous wounds in a rodent model treated with lambda660
nm laser light. New vessel formation is a multistep process involving
vessel sprouting, endothelial cell migration, proliferation and
tube formation. Although several in vivo studies have shown that
laser phototherapy influences tissue repair, a fully understanding
of angiogenesis mechanisms are not yet known. Twenty-four young
adult male Wistar rats weighing between 200 and 250 g were used.
Under general anesthesia, one excisional wound was created on the
dorsum of each animal and they were randomly distributed into two
groups: one control and one treated with laser (lambda660 nm, 16
mW, 10 J/cm2). Each group was subdivided into three subgroups according
to the animal death timing (2, 4 and 6 days). Laser irradiation
started immediately after surgery and was repeated every other day
during the experiment and marked with Sirius Red, specific for collagen,
and immunomarked with anti-TGF-beta and anti-von Willebrand factor.
Marked sections underwent histological analysis by light microscopy
and the mean area of the wound of each animal was calculated and
analyzed by ANOVA and Tukeys test (alpha=0.05). Although at
some death periods, collagen expression and number of blood vessels
on irradiated animals were higher than in the control ones, no significant
differences were found at any time in relation to TGF-beta expression
(p>0.05). It was concluded that laser treatment (lambda660 nm)
contributed to increase angiogenesis.
Braz
Dent J 2013 24(4) 308-12
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Infrared
LED irradiation photobiomodulation of oxidative stress in human
dental pulp cells.
Montoro LA, Turrioni AP, Basso FG, de Souza
Costa CA, Hebling J
Department
of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University
Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
AIM:
To investigate the effect of infrared light-emitting diode (LED)
irradiation on the oxidative stress induced in human dental pulp
cells (HDPCs) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODOLOGY: Human dental
pulp cells (HDPCs) were harvested from sound primary teeth that
were near exfoliation. Cells were seeded (105 cells cm-2 ) using
alpha-MEM supplemented with 10% FBS and after 24 h, were placed
in contact with LPS (10 mug mL-1 of culture medium). Immediately
afterwards, HDPCs were subjected to a single irradiation with an
infrared LED (855 nm) delivering different doses of energy (0, 2,
4, 8, 15 or 30 J cm-2 ). For each dose, there was a control group
without LPS application. Twenty-four hours after irradiation, groups
were tested for nitric oxide (NO) quantification, cell viability
(MTT assay) and qualitative assessment of reactive oxygen species
(ROS). Data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests
(alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced stress
resulted in significant increase in NO production by HDPC without
causing damage to cell respiratory metabolism. Irrespective of energy
dose delivered, NO production was significantly reduced when LPS-stressed
cells were irradiated with infrared LED (2 J cm-2 , P = 0.003; 95%
CI = 5.84-27.71; 4 J cm-2 , P = 0.001; 95% CI = 7.52-26.39; 8 J
cm-2 , P = 0.0195; 95% CI = -2.86-16.01; 15 J cm-2 , P = 0.0001;
95% CI = 12.10-30.96; 30 J cm-2 , P = 0.007; 95% CI = 5.84-24.71).
The highest decrease in NO production was observed when 15 J cm-2
was delivered to cells. Infrared LED irradiation resulted in a decrease
in ROS production, whilst HDPC metabolism was not significantly
affected. CONCLUSION: Biomodulation of oxidative stress of HPDC
can be achieved by irradiation with a single dose of infrared LED.
Within the range investigated, 15 J cm-2 resulted in the least production
of NO.
Int
Endod J 2013 Nov 11
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Irradiation
with a low-level diode laser induces the developmental endothelial
locus-1 gene and reduces proinflammatory cytokines in epithelial
cells.
Fujimura T, Mitani A, Fukuda M, Mogi M, Osawa
K, Takahashi S, Aino M, Iwamura Y, Miyajima S, Yamamoto H, Noguchi
T
Department
of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University,
2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, 464-8651, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
We
demonstrated previously that low-level diode laser irradiation with
an indocyanine green-loaded nanosphere coated with chitosan (ICG-Nano/c)
had an antimicrobial effect, and thus could be used for periodontal
antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Since little is known
about the effects of aPDT on periodontal tissue, we here investigated
the effect of low-level laser irradiation, with and without ICG-Nano/c,
on cultured epithelial cells. Human oral epithelial cells were irradiated
in a repeated pulse mode (duty cycle, 10 %; pulse width, 100 ms;
peak power output, 5 W). The expression of the developmental endothelial
locus 1 (Del-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and the intercellular
adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were evaluated in Ca9-22 cells stimulated
by laser irradiation and Escherichia coli-derived lipopolysaccharide
(LPS). A wound healing assay was carried out on SCC-25 cells irradiated
by diode laser with or without ICG-Nano/c. The mRNA expression of
Del-1, which is known to have anti-inflammatory activity, was significantly
upregulated by laser irradiation (p < 0.01). Concurrently, LPS-induced
IL-6 and IL-8 expression was significantly suppressed in the LPS
+ laser group (p < 0.01). ICAM-1 expression was significantly
higher in the LPS + laser group than in the LPS only or control
groups. Finally, compared with the control, the migration of epithelial
cells was significantly increased by diode laser irradiation with
or without ICG-Nano/c. These results suggest that, in addition to
its antimicrobial effect, low-level diode laser irradiation, with
or without ICG-Nano/c, can suppress excessive inflammatory responses
via a mechanism involving Del-1, and assists in wound healing.
Lasers
Med Sci 2013 Oct 3
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Re-stability
of dental implants following treatment of peri-implantitis.
Javed F, Hussain HA, Romanos GE
It
is hypothesized that active treatment of peri-implantitis (PI) leads
to re-stabilization of dental implants. The aim was to assess whether
or not dental implants can re-stabilize following treatment of PI.
To address the focused question, MEDLINE/PubMed and Google-Scholar
databases were explored from 1977 up to and including August 2013.
Any disagreements between the authors were resolved via discussion.
Articles published only in English were included. Hand searching
was also performed. Thirteen experimental studies were included.
The treatment regimes adopted in these studies comprised of antibiotic
therapy, guided bone regeneration (GBR), laser therapy, use of bone
matrix proteins with membrane, conventional flap surgery and mechanical
debridement. In four studies, GBR promoted new bone formation; whereas
two studies showed photosensitization therapy (in combination with
either mechanical debridement or GBR) to regenerate bone around
peri-implant defects. Six studies reported that mechanical debridement
in conjunction with antibiotic therapy promoted re-stability of
dental implants. In one study, recombinant human bone matrix protein-2
with a collagen membrane helped promote re-stabilization of dental
implants. New bone formation may occur to some extent around dental
implants following treatment for PI; however, a complete
re-stability may be difficult to achieve without GBR.
Interv
Med Appl Sci 2013 Sep 5(3) 116-21
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Reply
to comments on: Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the
management of orthodontic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
He W, Li C, Zou S
Department
of Orthodontics, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, the
Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University,
Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
Lasers
Med Sci 2013 Nov 14
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[Use
of laser for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis induced
by radiotherapy and chemotherapy of head and neck cancer.]
Munoz-Corcuera M, Gonzalez-Nieto A, Lopez-Pintor
Munoz RM
Departamento
de Medicina y Cirugia Bucofacial, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Espana. Electronic address: martamcorcuera@gmail.com.
One
of the complications of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is oral mucositis.
Since the low energy laser is one of the most frequently recommended
interventions by authors and international societies, the aim of
this study is to review the scientific evidence on the use of lasers
as a preventive and therapeutic in oral mucositis associated with
treatment of cancer. We performed a literature search in PubMed
and The Cochrane Collaboration Library, limiting the search to the
last 20 years. We finally included 29 articles that contained 30
studies. Low energy laser phototherapy seems a promising intervention
in both the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis associated
with cancer treatment. Virtually all studies reviewed showed good
results with no adverse effects and reductions in both incidence
and severity of mucositis in all types of cancer treatments.
Med
Clin (Barc) 2013 Nov 8
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Topical
Antimicrobials for Burn Infections an Update.
Sevgi M, Toklu A, Vecchio D, Hamblin MR
BAR414,
40 Blossom Street, Boston MA,USA 02114. Hamblin@helix.mgh.harvard.edu.
The
relentless rise in antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria
and fungi, coupled with the high susceptibility of burn wounds to
infection, and the difficulty of systemically administered antibiotics
to reach damaged tissue, taken together have made the development
of novel topical antimicrobials for burn infections a fertile area
of innovation for researchers and companies. We previously covered
the existing patent literature in this area in 2010, but the notable
progress made since then, has highlighted the need for an update
to bring the reader up to date on recent developments. New patents
in the areas of topically applied antibiotics and agents that can
potentiate the action of existing antibiotics may extend their useful
lifetime. Developments have also been made in biofilm-disrupting
agents. Antimicrobial peptides are natures way for many life
forms to defend themselves against attack by pathogens. Silver has
long been known to be a highly active antimicrobial but new inorganic
metal derivatives based on bismuth, copper and gallium have emerged.
Halogens such as chlorine and iodine can be delivered by novel technologies.
A variety of topically applied antimicrobials include chitosan preparations,
usnic acid, ceragenins and XF porphyrins. Natural product derived
antimicrobials such as tannins and essential oils have also been
studied. Novel techniques to deliver reactive oxygen species and
nitric oxide in situ have been developed. Light-mediated techniques
include photodynamic therapy, ultraviolet irradiation, blue light,
low-level laser therapy and titania photocatalysis. Passive immunotherapy
employs antibodies against pathogens and their virulence factors.
Finally an interesting new area uses therapeutic microorganisms
such as phages, probiotic bacteria and protozoa to combat infections.
Recent
Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 2013 Nov 12
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references CONTACT
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